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As potencialidades de atividades investigativas na aprendizagem da unidade "Imunidade e Controlo de doenças" : um estudo com alunos do 12º ano
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Resumo(s)
A literacia científica é considerada essencial para um cidadão de século XXI. No entanto, tem-se verificado um desinteresse crescente da parte dos jovens pelas ciências e tecnologias, pelo que é necessário que se façam alterações curriculares e se utilizem estratégias didáticas que devolvam aos alunos o interesse pelas ciências e que os envolvam em aprendizagens significativas e que promovam o desenvolvimento de competências transversais.
Neste seguimento, foi desenvolvido um estudo no âmbito da Iniciação à Prática Profissional integrada no Mestrado em Ensino de Biologia e Geologia, que procurou compreender as potencialidades das atividades investigativas na aprendizagem das ciências, no estudo da imunidade e controlo de doenças. Os participantes do estudo correspondem a uma turma de 12.º ano de Biologia, constituída por 19 alunos, e a intervenção realizou-se numa escola secundária do concelho de Lisboa.
Para a investigação utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa, seguindo um paradigma interpretativo, com o objetivo de analisar as potencialidades de atividades investigativas nas aprendizagens dos alunos, o tipo de competências desenvolvidas, as dificuldades sentidas e a opinião dos alunos relativamente às estratégias aplicadas. As estratégias didáticas tiveram por base o Modelo dos 5 E’s (Bybee et al., 2006) e foram realizadas atividades laboratoriais do tipo experimental, atividades de pesquisa e de debate em role play. A recolha de dados foi realizada através da observação das aulas, questionários aos alunos e análise documental.
Os resultados obtidos mostram que as atividades investigativas têm grandes potencialidades, na medida em que os alunos desenvolvem competências relacionadas com a autonomia, seleção de informação, comunicação e espírito crítico e criativo. Para além disso, promovem o interesse e a motivação dos alunos, levando à realização de novas aprendizagens. No entanto, os alunos sentem dificuldades relativas à gestão de tempo, já que este tipo de atividades exige uma maior organização e gestão do tempo disponível para a realização de todas as tarefas propostas, o que pode constituir um entrave num contexto diferente.
Scientific literacy is considered essential for a 21st century citizen. However, there has been a growing lack of interest in science and technology by of young people, so it is necessary to make curricular changes and use teaching strategies to increase students’ interest in science and to engage them in meaningful learning and developing transversal skills. In this regard, a study was developed as part of the Introduction to Professional Practice integrated in the Masters in Biology and Geology Teaching, and it attempted to explore the potential of inquiry activities in science learning, particularly in the study of immunity and disease control. The study subjects are a class of 19 students from the 12th grade Biology, and the intervention took place in a secondary school in the Lisbon area. For the research, a qualitative approach was used, following a descriptive interpretive paradigm, with the aim to analyze the potentialities of investigative activities in students' learning, as well as the type of skills to be acquired, what were the difficulties throughout the activities and student feedback regarding the strategies applied. The didactic strategies were based on the 5 E's Model (Bybee et al., 2006) and laboratory-type experimental activities, inquiry activities and role play debates were implemented. In the collection and analysis of data, techniques such as observation, applications of questionnaires and documentary analysis were used. The results show that the investigative activities have great potential, since the students develop skills related to autonomy, selection of information, communication and critical thinking and creative thinking. Furthermore, it promotes the interest and motivation of students, leading to get new learning. However, students feel difficulties in time management, since this type of activity requires a greater organization and management of the time available to carry out all the tasks proposed, which may be a limitation in a different context.
Scientific literacy is considered essential for a 21st century citizen. However, there has been a growing lack of interest in science and technology by of young people, so it is necessary to make curricular changes and use teaching strategies to increase students’ interest in science and to engage them in meaningful learning and developing transversal skills. In this regard, a study was developed as part of the Introduction to Professional Practice integrated in the Masters in Biology and Geology Teaching, and it attempted to explore the potential of inquiry activities in science learning, particularly in the study of immunity and disease control. The study subjects are a class of 19 students from the 12th grade Biology, and the intervention took place in a secondary school in the Lisbon area. For the research, a qualitative approach was used, following a descriptive interpretive paradigm, with the aim to analyze the potentialities of investigative activities in students' learning, as well as the type of skills to be acquired, what were the difficulties throughout the activities and student feedback regarding the strategies applied. The didactic strategies were based on the 5 E's Model (Bybee et al., 2006) and laboratory-type experimental activities, inquiry activities and role play debates were implemented. In the collection and analysis of data, techniques such as observation, applications of questionnaires and documentary analysis were used. The results show that the investigative activities have great potential, since the students develop skills related to autonomy, selection of information, communication and critical thinking and creative thinking. Furthermore, it promotes the interest and motivation of students, leading to get new learning. However, students feel difficulties in time management, since this type of activity requires a greater organization and management of the time available to carry out all the tasks proposed, which may be a limitation in a different context.
Descrição
Relatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino de Biologia e Geologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2019
Palavras-chave
Desenvolvimento de competências Investigação Relatórios da prática de ensino supervisionada - 2019