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Authors
Abstract(s)
O mercúrio é um metal pesado e tóxico que está presente de forma natural no ambiente nas formas elementar, inorgânica e orgânica, sendo esta última a de maior preocupação para a saúde humana.
O metilmercúrio, está associado à neurotoxicidade nos seres humanos, sendo a sua forma de exposição essencialmente a alimentação, por ingestão de peixes, marisco e moluscos contaminados. Os grupos mais suscetíveis são o feto e as crianças, cujo sistema nervoso está em desenvolvimento, e as grávidas devido à consequente exposição ao feto.
Apesar da crescente conscientização global de como o mercúrio é uma ameaça para a saúde, a maior parte das emissões de mercúrio no ambiente surgem de fontes antropogénicas, como atividade industrial, explorações mineiras artesanais, combustão de carvão, incineração de resíduos. A sua propagação e contaminação acontece através do ar, da água ou dos solos.
Para a redação desta monografia, foi efetuada uma revisão da literatura existente, sobre mercúrio, onde são apresentadas as suas propriedades, fontes de emissão, ciclo biológico, fontes de contaminação humana, toxicocinética, impacto na saúde, bem como o tratamento de intoxicações por este metal, designadamente a terapêutica por quelação.
Por último, são abordadas as estratégias de prevenção da contaminação por mercúrio, nomeadamente a Convenção de Minamata cujo objetivo procura proteger a saúde pública e o ambiente das emissões de mercúrio.
Mercury is a heavy and toxic metal that is naturally present in the environment, in elemental, inorganic and organic forms, the organic form is a major human health concern. Methylmercury is associated with neurotoxicity in humans, and its form of exposure is essentially by ingestion of contaminated fish and shellfish. The most susceptible groups are the fetus and children, because their central nervous system is developing, and pregnant women due to the consequent exposure to the child in utero. Despite growing global awareness of how mercury is a health threat, most mercury emissions are from anthropogenic sources, such as industrial activity, mines, coal combustion, waste incineration. Its spread and contamination occurs through air, water or soil. For this work, a review of the existing literature on mercury was carried out, where its properties, emission sources, biological cycle, sources of human contamination, toxicokinetics, health impact are described, as well as the treatment of poisoning by this metal, in particular chelation therapy. Finally, the prevention strategies for avoid the mercury contamination, in particular the Minamata Convention which has as its main goal the protection of public health and the environment from mercury emissions.
Mercury is a heavy and toxic metal that is naturally present in the environment, in elemental, inorganic and organic forms, the organic form is a major human health concern. Methylmercury is associated with neurotoxicity in humans, and its form of exposure is essentially by ingestion of contaminated fish and shellfish. The most susceptible groups are the fetus and children, because their central nervous system is developing, and pregnant women due to the consequent exposure to the child in utero. Despite growing global awareness of how mercury is a health threat, most mercury emissions are from anthropogenic sources, such as industrial activity, mines, coal combustion, waste incineration. Its spread and contamination occurs through air, water or soil. For this work, a review of the existing literature on mercury was carried out, where its properties, emission sources, biological cycle, sources of human contamination, toxicokinetics, health impact are described, as well as the treatment of poisoning by this metal, in particular chelation therapy. Finally, the prevention strategies for avoid the mercury contamination, in particular the Minamata Convention which has as its main goal the protection of public health and the environment from mercury emissions.
Description
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2022, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Keywords
Mercúrio Metilmercúrio Contaminação Toxicidade Terapêutica por quelação Mestrado integrado - 2022