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A valoração do depoimento do colaborador no cooperation agreement norte-americano e a corroboração probatória
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O cooperation agreement é um instituto de justiça negociada, em voga nos Estados Unidos da América, em que coautores e partícipes de certos delitos realizam acordo de cooperação com o Estado, a fim de produzir evidências contra outros indivíduos, em troca de benefícios no processo. A fim de se compreender os vários desafios envolvidos na aplicação do cooperation agreement, é relevante o debate sobre a busca da verdade, o direito ao confronto, o sistema de júri e a atuação discricionária do Ministério Público no âmbito de um sistema jurídico adversarial. Devido à probabilidade de erros judiciários, a par das regras de disclosure e cross examination, costumam ser adotadas no sistema norte-americano algumas safeguards, a exemplo da advertência ao júri para cautela na análise das informações prestadas pelo accomplice e da técnica da corroboração probatória. A corroboração probatória, tradicionalmente relacionada ao common law, destina-se a assegurar a fiabilidade de uma prova, mediante a exigência de uma segunda evidência independente, da qual se deduza a veracidade do enunciado probatório principal, in casu, a declaração do accomplice. Em relação à valoração probatória das declarações do accomplice, a corroboração probatória apresenta aplicação variável nas esferas federal e estaduais nos Estados Unidos. Não apresenta alta difusão entre os sistemas civil law e, no direito continental europeu, guarda relação com a cláusula sole or decisive evidence, cunhada em alguns julgados do Tribunal Europeu de Direitos Humanos.
The cooperation agreement is an institute of negotiated justice in the United States of America, in which co-authors and participants in certain crimes enter into a cooperation agreement with the State in order to acquire evidence against other individuals, in exchange for benefits in the process. It is very important to debate the search for truth, the right to confrontation, the jury system and the discretionary action of the Public Prosecutor's Office within the framework of an adversarial legal system, in order to understand the various challenges involved in applying the cooperation agreement. Due to the likelihood of miscarriages of justice, along with the rules of disclosure and cross examination, certain safeguards are usually adopted in the US system, such as the warning to the jury to be careful when analyzing the information provided by the accomplice and the technique of corroborating evidence. Evidential corroboration, traditionally related to the common law, is designed to ensure the reliability of evidence by requiring a second piece of independent evidence from which to deduce the veracity of the main piece of evidence, in this case, the accomplice's statement. Evidentiary corroboration has a variable application in the federal and state spheres of the United States, in relation to the probative value of the accomplice's statements. It is not very widespread in civil law systems and, in continental European law, it is related to the sole or decisive evidence clause, coined in some judgments of the European Court of Human Rights.
The cooperation agreement is an institute of negotiated justice in the United States of America, in which co-authors and participants in certain crimes enter into a cooperation agreement with the State in order to acquire evidence against other individuals, in exchange for benefits in the process. It is very important to debate the search for truth, the right to confrontation, the jury system and the discretionary action of the Public Prosecutor's Office within the framework of an adversarial legal system, in order to understand the various challenges involved in applying the cooperation agreement. Due to the likelihood of miscarriages of justice, along with the rules of disclosure and cross examination, certain safeguards are usually adopted in the US system, such as the warning to the jury to be careful when analyzing the information provided by the accomplice and the technique of corroborating evidence. Evidential corroboration, traditionally related to the common law, is designed to ensure the reliability of evidence by requiring a second piece of independent evidence from which to deduce the veracity of the main piece of evidence, in this case, the accomplice's statement. Evidentiary corroboration has a variable application in the federal and state spheres of the United States, in relation to the probative value of the accomplice's statements. It is not very widespread in civil law systems and, in continental European law, it is related to the sole or decisive evidence clause, coined in some judgments of the European Court of Human Rights.
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Direito e Ciência Jurídica
Palavras-chave
Processo penal Prova penal Princípio do contraditório Prova testemunhal Produção de prova Arguido Boato Common Law Estados Unidos da América Teses de mestrado - 2024