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Crenças e atitudes dos pais sobre a cárie na dentição decídua numa população pré-escolar do Concelho de Estremoz
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A prevenção da cárie em idade pré-escolar depende de corretos comportamentos de higiene oral e de alimentação da criança, sendo estes influenciados pelas crenças e atitudes dos pais. Objetivos: Conhecer as crenças dos pais relativamente à cárie, escovagem dos dentes e alimentação cariogénica dos filhos. Analisar os fatores relacionados com a presença de cárie na dentição decídua. Materiais e métodos: Estudo observacional e transversal realizado numa população pré-escolar de Estremoz. A recolha de dados incluiu a observação intraoral para o registo de cárie (critérios ICDAS II) e um questionário aos pais sobre crenças, comportamentos e informação sociodemográfica. A escala das crenças foi validada previamente numa população pré-escolar portuguesa, usando pontuações de 1 a 5, indicando valores mais altos, crenças mais positivas. A análise estatística incluiu a descrição das variáveis e a regressão linear múltipla para identificação dos fatores associados ao cpod.(α=0,05). Resultados: A amostra incluiu 63 crianças de 3 a 6 anos. A prevalência de cárie foi 46% e o cpod médio 1,59. Globalmente, os pais apresentaram crenças positivas sobre a cárie, escovagem dos dentes e alimentação cariogénica,, com praticamente todos os itens e fatores a apresentarem médias superiores a 3. Contudo, crenças relacionadas com a possibilidade de controlo e o controlo externo apresentaram valores mais baixos, evidenciando que os pais ainda acreditam no acaso e que o controlo da doença está principalmente nas mãos do dentista. O nível de instrução da mãe (p=0,047), a frequência de escovagem (p=0,045) e a supervisão dos pais (p=0,011) revelaram-se os fatores mais relevantes para o cpod, explicando 25,2% da sua variação. Conclusões: As crenças dos pais foram maioritariamente positivas, mas podem melhorar, em especial relativamente ao controlo da cárie. O nível de instrução da mãe, a frequência de escovagem e a supervisão foram os fatores mais relevantes para a variação do cpod.
The prevention of caries in preschool age depends on proper oral hygiene and dietary behaviors of the child, which are influenced by the beliefs and attitudes of the parents. Objectives: To understand parents' beliefs regarding caries, tooth brushing, and cariogenic feeding of their children. To analyze the factors related to the presence of caries in the deciduous dentition. Materials and Methods: Observational and cross-sectional study conducted in a preschool population in Estremoz. Data collection included intraoral observation for caries recording (ICDAS II criteria) and a questionnaire for parents about beliefs, behaviors, and sociodemographic information. The belief scale was previously validated in a Portuguese preschool population, using scores from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating more positive beliefs. Statistical analysis included variable description and multiple linear regression to identify factors associated with dmft (α=0.05). Results: The sample included 63 children aged 3 to 6 years. The caries prevalence was 46% and the mean dmft was 1.59. Overall, parents showed positive beliefs about caries, tooth brushing, and cariogenic feeding, with almost all items and factors scoring above 3. However, beliefs related to the possibility of control and external control had lower scores, showing that parents still believe in chance and that disease control is mainly in the hands of the dentist. Mother's education level (p=0.047), brushing frequency (p=0.045), and parental supervision (p=0.011) proved to be the most relevant factors for dmft, explaining 25.2% of its variation. Conclusions: Parents' beliefs were mostly positive but could improve, particularly regarding caries control. Mother's education level, brushing frequency, and supervision were the most relevant factors for the variation in dmft.
The prevention of caries in preschool age depends on proper oral hygiene and dietary behaviors of the child, which are influenced by the beliefs and attitudes of the parents. Objectives: To understand parents' beliefs regarding caries, tooth brushing, and cariogenic feeding of their children. To analyze the factors related to the presence of caries in the deciduous dentition. Materials and Methods: Observational and cross-sectional study conducted in a preschool population in Estremoz. Data collection included intraoral observation for caries recording (ICDAS II criteria) and a questionnaire for parents about beliefs, behaviors, and sociodemographic information. The belief scale was previously validated in a Portuguese preschool population, using scores from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating more positive beliefs. Statistical analysis included variable description and multiple linear regression to identify factors associated with dmft (α=0.05). Results: The sample included 63 children aged 3 to 6 years. The caries prevalence was 46% and the mean dmft was 1.59. Overall, parents showed positive beliefs about caries, tooth brushing, and cariogenic feeding, with almost all items and factors scoring above 3. However, beliefs related to the possibility of control and external control had lower scores, showing that parents still believe in chance and that disease control is mainly in the hands of the dentist. Mother's education level (p=0.047), brushing frequency (p=0.045), and parental supervision (p=0.011) proved to be the most relevant factors for dmft, explaining 25.2% of its variation. Conclusions: Parents' beliefs were mostly positive but could improve, particularly regarding caries control. Mother's education level, brushing frequency, and supervision were the most relevant factors for the variation in dmft.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Dentária, 2025
Palavras-chave
Cárie precoce da infância Atitudes parentais Literacia em saúde cral Crenças dos pais Early Childhood Caries Parental Beliefs Parental Attitudes Oral Health Literacy