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Perturbação do espectro do Autismo : revisão e crítica das metodologias de intervenção
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Resumo(s)
A Perturbação do Espectro do Autismo (PEA) é uma perturbação de etiologia multifatorial e apresentação clínica heterogénea, cuja prevalência tem vindo a aumentar. Caracteriza-se por défice na comunicação social e/ou presença de comportamentos restritivos e repetitivos. Alguns dos fatores de risco são o sexo masculino, a idade materna elevada e a história familiar de psicopatologia. Os sinais de alarme surgem normalmente antes dos dois anos e a perturbação pode ser detetada através de testes de rastreio. Existem várias metodologias de intervenção que visam uma melhoria funcional da criança, não sendo expectável a cura.
Os objetivos desta revisão são: analisar a importância da intervenção precoce em crianças com PEA; fazer uma revisão e análise crítica das metodologias de intervenção com maior evidência científica e fatores preditores da resposta às mesmas.
Sabe-se que existem várias estratégias de intervenção, sendo a metodologia ABA e a metodologia TEACCH as que apresentam atualmente maior evidência científica. A Perturbação do Desenvolvimento Intelectual e a família são os principais preditores da resposta à intervenção. É essencial a sensibilização à deteção precoce. Devem preferir-se abordagens interventivas que sejam moldadas à individualidade e às necessidades de cada criança e família.
The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a condition of multifactorial etiology and heterogeneous clinical presentation, whose prevalence has been increasing. It is characterized by a deficit in social communication and/or presence of restrictive and repetitive behaviors. Some of the risk factors are being male, the high maternal age and a family history of psychopathology. Alarm signals normally arise before the two years, and the condition can be detected through screening tests. There are several methodologies of intervention with the objective of making the children more functional, not expected to cure her. The objectives of this work are: to verify the importance of early intervention in children with ASD; To make a review and critical analysis of the methodologies of intervention with greater scientific evidence as well as the predictors of response to that intervention. There are several intervention strategies; ABA and TEACCH methodologies present currently greater scientific evidence. The intellectual developmental disorder and the family are the main predictors of response to intervention. Awareness is essential to early detection and the preference for approaches that are molded to the individuality and needs of each child and each family.
The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a condition of multifactorial etiology and heterogeneous clinical presentation, whose prevalence has been increasing. It is characterized by a deficit in social communication and/or presence of restrictive and repetitive behaviors. Some of the risk factors are being male, the high maternal age and a family history of psychopathology. Alarm signals normally arise before the two years, and the condition can be detected through screening tests. There are several methodologies of intervention with the objective of making the children more functional, not expected to cure her. The objectives of this work are: to verify the importance of early intervention in children with ASD; To make a review and critical analysis of the methodologies of intervention with greater scientific evidence as well as the predictors of response to that intervention. There are several intervention strategies; ABA and TEACCH methodologies present currently greater scientific evidence. The intellectual developmental disorder and the family are the main predictors of response to intervention. Awareness is essential to early detection and the preference for approaches that are molded to the individuality and needs of each child and each family.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2015
Palavras-chave
Espectro Autismo Metodologias Intervenção precoce Preditores Família