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Publication
Regime e natureza jurídica da concorrência parasitária
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O presente trabalho visa a examinar, tendo como norte o regime jurídico português, os pressupostos da concorrência parasitária como subtipo da concorrência desleal, o seu enquadramento jurídico, as relações com os direitos exclusivos de propriedade intelectual e, por fim, a natureza jurídica do instituto. Há questões que merecerão a nossa atenção e que consistem em responder se a concorrência parasitária merece receber um tratamento autónomo, bem como se elementos empresariais, não protegidos por direitos exclusivos de propriedade intelectual, em domínio público, podem ser objeto de proteção contra atos de concorrência parasitária.
É fundamental a ponderação sobre o equilíbrio dos princípios da livre imitação e livre concorrência com a aplicação das normas de repressão contra a concorrência parasitária, bem como abordar a aplicação da cláusula geral da concorrência desleal prevista no artigo 311.º do Código da Propriedade Industrial português. O agente económico parasita pretende, através de métodos desleais, imitar as iniciativas do concorrente virtuoso.
Esta modalidade de concorrência desleal não recebe tratamento uniforme nos diversos regimes jurídicos, o que nos obrigará a uma breve análise de ordenamentos jurídicos de alguns países, a fim de permitir um exame acurado dos requisitos da concorrência parasitária no regime jurídico português. O elemento “concorrência”, na doutrina tradicional, é requisito da concorrência parasitária, mas já constatamos alguma doutrina que admite, numa visão mais ampla, a repressão de atos parasitários mesmo que os agentes económicos não estejam em relação direta de concorrência, aplicando-se o conceito de parasitismo económico.
Por último, discutiremos as teorias que poderiam justificar a natureza jurídica da concorrência parasitária, tendo em conta o comportamento adotado pelo concorrente parasita nas relações de mercado.
The present study aims to examine, guided by the Portuguese legal system, the prerequisites of parasitic competition as a subtype of unfair competition, its legal framework, its relationship with exclusive intellectual property rights and, finally, the legal nature of the institute. There are questions that will deserve our attention, consisting of answering whether parasitic competition merits autonomous treatment, as well as whether business elements not protected by exclusive intellectual property rights, in the public domain, can be subject to protection against acts of parasitic competition. A careful balance must be struck between the principles of free imitation and free competition with the enforcement of norms against parasitic competition, as well as addressing the application of the principle of the general clause of unfair competition provided in Article 311 of the Portuguese Industrial Property Code. The parasitic economic agent aims, through unfair methods, to imitate the initiatives of the virtuous competitor. This form of unfair competition does not receive uniform treatment in different legal systems, which will compel us to briefly analyze the legal systems of some countries, in order to allow an accurate examination of the requirements of parasitic competition in the Portuguese legal framework. The element of competition, in traditional doctrine, is a requirement of parasitic competition, but we already find some doctrine that admits, in a broader view, the repression of parasitic acts even if economic agents are not in a direct relationship of competition, applying the concept of economic parasitism. Lastly, we will discuss the theories that could justify the legal nature of parasitic competition, taking into account the behavior adopted by the parasitic competitor in market relations.
The present study aims to examine, guided by the Portuguese legal system, the prerequisites of parasitic competition as a subtype of unfair competition, its legal framework, its relationship with exclusive intellectual property rights and, finally, the legal nature of the institute. There are questions that will deserve our attention, consisting of answering whether parasitic competition merits autonomous treatment, as well as whether business elements not protected by exclusive intellectual property rights, in the public domain, can be subject to protection against acts of parasitic competition. A careful balance must be struck between the principles of free imitation and free competition with the enforcement of norms against parasitic competition, as well as addressing the application of the principle of the general clause of unfair competition provided in Article 311 of the Portuguese Industrial Property Code. The parasitic economic agent aims, through unfair methods, to imitate the initiatives of the virtuous competitor. This form of unfair competition does not receive uniform treatment in different legal systems, which will compel us to briefly analyze the legal systems of some countries, in order to allow an accurate examination of the requirements of parasitic competition in the Portuguese legal framework. The element of competition, in traditional doctrine, is a requirement of parasitic competition, but we already find some doctrine that admits, in a broader view, the repression of parasitic acts even if economic agents are not in a direct relationship of competition, applying the concept of economic parasitism. Lastly, we will discuss the theories that could justify the legal nature of parasitic competition, taking into account the behavior adopted by the parasitic competitor in market relations.
Description
Keywords
Concorrência desleal Propriedade intelectual Natureza jurídica Direito comparado Teses de mestrado - 2024 Unfair competition Intellectual property Legal nature Comparative law