Loading...
3 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
- Avaliação dos efeitos secundários dos fármacos quimioterápicos em animais de companhia : estudo retrospetivoPublication . Cunha, Eva; Vilhena, Hugo Corte Real; São Braz, Berta Maria Fernandes FerreiraA quimioterapia é uma modalidade terapêutica usada em oncologia, cujo objetivo passa pela total erradicação das células tumorais ou pela cura, através da administração de fármacos quimioterápicos ou anti-neoplásicos. Estes atuam, na sua grande maioria, em células com elevado índice mitótico, atingindo não apenas as células neoplásicas como também as células normais, o que conduz aos chamados efeitos secundários. Este estudo teve como objetivo a avaliação e caracterização dos efeitos secundários dos fármacos quimioterápicos, na prática clínica de animais de companhia consistindo num estudo retrospetivo de casos. O desenho experimental incluiu todos os cães e gatos, machos e fêmeas, submetidos a pelo menos uma sessão de tratamento com fármacos quimioterápicos, independentemente do tipo de neoplasia, no Hospital Veterinário do Baixo Vouga e Policlínica Veterinária de Aveiro (desde 1 de Março de 2008 e de 2010, respetivamente, até dia 31 de Janeiro de 2014). Os efeitos secundários em análise foram a toxicidade hematopoiética, gastrointestinal, dermatológica e pulmonar, reações alérgicas/anafiláticas, cistite hemorrágica estéril, necrose perivascular/extravasamento, cardiotoxicidade, nefrotoxicidade, hepatotoxicidade, neurotoxicidade e síndrome de lise tumoral aguda. A análise estatística foi realizada com recurso ao programa Microsoft Excel 2010® e software R®. Foram avaliadas 266 sessões de quimioterapia realizadas em 42 animais, verificando-se que 71,43% destes exibiram toxicidade. Verificou-se uma clara predominância da toxicidade gastrointestinal e hematopoiética na amostra e nas sessões quimioterápicas avaliadas. Também a toxicidade dermatológica, reações anafiláticas/alérgicas, cistite hemorrágica estéril, necrose perivascular/extravasamento e cardiotoxicidade, foram identificados durante o estudo. Pela análise estatística foi possível identificar uma associação entre a toxicidade gastrointestinal e os fármacos em geral, e a epirrubicina em particular; as reações alérgicas/anafiláticas e a cardiotoxicidade com a doxorrubicina; e a cistite hemorrágica estéril com a ciclofosfamida e com a quimioterapia metronómica (ciclofosfamida e meloxicam).
- Commonality of multidrug-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae ST348 isolates in horses and humans in PortugalPublication . Trigo Da Roza, Filipa; Couto, Natacha; Carneiro, Carla; Cunha, Eva; Rosa, Teresa; Magalhães, Mariana; Tavares, Luis; Novais, Ângela; Peixe, Luísa; Lamas, Luís P.; Oliveira, ManuelaABSTRACT - Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae is considered a major global concern by the World Health Organization. Evidence is growing on the importance of circulation of MDR bacterial populations between animals and humans. Horses have been shown to carry commensal isolates of this bacterial species and can act as human MDR bacteria reservoirs. In this study, we characterized an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae sequence type (ST) 348 isolate from a horse, an ST reported for the first time in an animal, using next-generation sequencing. We compared it with six other MDR K. pneumoniae ST348 human isolates previously identified in health-care facilities in Portugal using a core genome multi-locus sequence typing approach to evaluate a possible genetic link. The horse isolate was resistant to most of the antimicrobials tested, including 3rd generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides, and presented several antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaESBL. Twenty-one allele differences were found between the horse isolate and the most similar human isolate, suggesting a recent common ancestor. Other similarities were observed regarding the content on antimicrobial resistance genes, plasmid incompatibility groups, and capsular and somatic antigens. This study illustrates the relevance of the dissemination of MDR strains, and enhances that identification of these types of bacterial strains in both human and veterinary settings is of significant relevance in order to understand and implement combined control strategies for MDR bacteria in animals and humans.
- Diabetic foot infections : application of a nisin-biogel to complement the activity of conventional antibiotics and antiseptics against Staphylococcus aureus biofilmsPublication . Santos, Raquel; Ruza, Diana; Cunha, Eva; Tavares, Luis; Oliveira, ManuelaABSTRACT - Background Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) are a frequent complication of Diabetes mellitus and a major cause of nontraumatic limb amputations. The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, known for its resilient biofilms and antibiotic resistant profile, is the most frequent DFI pathogen. It is urgent to develop innovative treatments for these infections, being the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) nisin a potential candidate. We have previously proposed the use of a guar gum biogel as a delivery system for nisin. Here, we evaluated the potential of the nisin-biogel to enhance the efficacy of conventional antibiotics and antiseptics against DFIs S. aureus clinical isolates. Methods A collection of 23 S. aureus strains isolated from DFI patients, including multidrug- and methicillin-resistant strains, was used. The antimicrobial activity of the nisin-biogel was tested alone and in different combinations with the antiseptic chlorhexidine and the antibiotics clindamycin, gentamicin and vancomycin. Isolates' in vitro susceptibility to the different protocols was assessed using broth microdilution methods in order to determine their ability to inhibit and/or eradicate established S. aureus biofilms. Antimicrobials were added to the 96-well plates every 8 h to simulate a typical DFI treatment protocol. Statistical analysis was conducted using RCBD ANOVA in SPSS. Results The nisin-biogel showed a high antibacterial activity against biofilms formed by DFI S. aureus. The combined protocol using nisin-biogel and chlorhexidine presented the highest efficacy in biofilm formation inhibition, significantly higher (p<0.05) than the ones presented by the antibiotics-based protocols tested. Regarding biofilm eradication, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) between the activity of the combination nisin-biogel plus chlorhexidine and the conventional antibiotic-based protocols. Conclusions Results provide a valuable contribution for the development of complementary strategies to conventional antibiotics protocols. A combined protocol including chlorhexidine and nisinbiogel could be potentially applied in medical centres, contributing for the reduction of antibiotic administration, selection pressure on DFI pathogens and resistance strains dissemination.