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- Portfolio Allocation in the AmericasPublication . Camerlo, Marcelo; Martínez-Gallardo, Cecilia
- Government Formation and Minister Turnover in Presidential Cabinets. Comparative Analysis in the AmericasPublication . Camerlo, Marcelo; Martínez-Gallardo, Cecilia
- Portfolio Allocation in the Americas: A RecapPublication . Camerlo, Marcelo; Martínez-Gallardo, Cecilia
- Portfolio allocation in the AmericasPublication . Camerlo, Marcelo; Martínez-Gallardo, CeciliaThe systematic study of portfolio allocation in the Americas - the hiring and firing of cabinet ministers and their consequences for the composition of the government -started at the end of the 1990s, motivated, at least in part, by a desire to examine the extent to which (Latin American) presidentialism could work as (European) parliamentarism. Challenging the traditional notion that presidential regimes were prone to instability, this research built on analytical tools developed in the context of parliamentarism, generated data on portfolio allocation, and developed explanations specific to presidentialism. Progressively, as the propositions on the perils and deficiencies of presidentialism were refuted or moderated, attention turned to how presidential democracy actually works. Hence, contemporary work has shifted attention from the similarities and differences between constitutional regimes to the differences among presidential regimes, including the organization of the executive.
- Government Formation and Minister Turnover in Presidential Cabinets: Comparative Analysis in the AmericasPublication . Camerlo, Marcelo; Martínez-Gallardo, CeciliaPortfolio allocation in presidential systems is a central tool that presidents use to deal with changes in the political and economic environment. Yet, we still have much to learn about the process through which ministers are selected and the reasons why they are replaced in presidential systems. This book offers the most comprehensive, cross- national analysis of portfolio allocation in the Americas to date. In doing so, it contributes to the development of theories about portfolio allocation in presidential systems. Looking specifically at how presidents use portfolio allocation as part of their wider political strategy, it examines eight country case studies, within a carefully developed analytical framework and cross- national comparative analysis from a common dataset. The book includes cases studies of portfolio allocation in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, the United States, Peru and Uruguay, and covers the period between the transition to democracy in each country up until 2014. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of political elites, executive politics, Latin American politics and more broadly comparative politics.
- Portfolio allocation in the Americas: a recapPublication . Martínez-Gallardo, Cecilia; Camerlo, MarceloIn writing this book, we had two main motivations, one theoretical and one practical. In the last years, our understanding of portfolio allocation in presidential democracies has improved substantially. However, as we argued in Chapter 1, one of the main goals of this book has been to identify and try to overcome what we see as basic theoretical limitations in this literature. First, we wanted to revise what we call the “partisan expectation” or the expectation that government coalitions express specific legislative coalitions. The assumption that presidents make decisions about the allocation of cabinet portfolios based on their legislative goals lies at the center of most theories of portfolio allocation in presidential systems. One implication of this assumption for research has been a disproportionate focus on the partisan dimension of ministerial appointments. In this book, however, we have argued for relaxing the partisan assumption and recognizing that portfolio allocation allows presidents to manage not only the need for legislative support, but also the need for technical expertise and political loyalty.