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- Performance, heterogeneity and managerial efficiency of african airports : the nigerian casePublication . Barros, Carlos Pestana; Ibiwoye, AdeThis paper analyzes unobserved managerial ability as factors affecting the performance of a representative sample of Nigerian airports by means of frontier models. The Alvarez, Arias and Greene (2004) frontier model is used. These airports are ranked according to their technical efficiency during the period 2003-2010 and homogenous and heterogeneous variables are disentangled in the cost function, which leads us to advise the implementation of common policies as well as policies by segments. Economic implications arising from the study are also considered.
- Inflation forecasting in Angola : a fractional approachPublication . Barros, Carlos Pestana; Luis A., Gil-AlanaThis paper forecasts inflation in Angola with an ARFIMA (AutoRegressive Fractionally Integrated Moving Average) model. It is found that inflation in Angola is a highly persistent variable with an order of integration constrained between 0 and 1. Moreover, a structural break is found in August, 1996. Using the second sub-sample for forecasting purposes, the results reveal that inflation will remain low, assuming that prudent macroeconomic policies are maintained.
- A diáspora cabo-verdiana : percepções e redefinições a partir do arquipélagoPublication . Évora, IolandaAnalisando o papel que Cabo Verde tem no contexto da sociedade diaspórica, compreende-se que atribui-se-lhe aquilo a que aqui chamamos de função de vitrine, ou que imprime o carimbo da certificação das produções realizadas no espaço da comunidades diaspórica. Não apenas o arquipélago parece condenado a buscar suas fontes no seu universo da emigração como mostra-se um lugar favorável como fonte dos esquemas pelos quais a experiência de emigração é organizada e relatada pelos que partiram… pois a sociedade adapta-se às condições oferecidas nos diferentes períodos históricos da migração, aos recuos ou expansões do processo migratório, ao longo do tempo. Ou seja, a emigração cabo-verdiana não será a mesma, não apenas porque mudaram as condições no exterior mas também porque a sociedade de origem mudou e mudou em relação à sua emigração, o que remete para o lugar singular que pode ter no seio da sociedade diaspórica cabo-verdiana. A comunidade local está constantemente alerta e à escuta desta parte de si mesma que está separada dela, adapta seus ritmos às notícias, aos retornos que ocorrem em datas periódicas e vive como que suspensa, aguardando as expressões que vêm de fora. Ao mesmo tempo, desenha-se melhor as reciprocidades que se instalam entre estes dois pólos, com Cabo Verde redefinindo o seu papel como lugar de origem, servindo agora de centro das sínteses do que a diáspora produz, ao mesmo tempo em que, pelo seu hibridismo, permite aos emigrantes no exterior oferecer sua nacionalidade como um importante cartão de visitas.
- Banking consolidation in Nigeria 2000-2010Publication . Barros, Carlos Pestana; Caporale, Guglielmo M.This study examines the Nigerian banking consolidation process using a dynamic panel for the period 2000-2010. The Arellano and Bond (1991) dynamic GMM approach is adopted to estimate a cost function taking into account the possible endogeneity of the covariates. The main finding is that the Nigerian banking sector has benefited from the consolidation process, and specifically that foreign ownership, mergers and acquisitions and bank size decrease costs. Directions for future research are also discussed.
- Reverse FDI in Europe : an analysis of Angola's FDI in PortugalPublication . Barros, Carlos Pestana; Damásio, Bruno; Faria, João RicardoThis paper analyses investment from Angola in Portugal. An open economy model with money laundering is proposed and then tested with a time series Bayesian regression. The result reveals that exports and corruption are the positive determinants of Angola FDI in Portugal. Policy implications are derived..
- Pobreza absoluta e desigualdades sociais, ajustamento estrutural e democracia na R.D. São Tomé e PríncipePublication . Ferreira, Manuel EnnesThis article presents the results of an investigation which aimed to measure the degree of poverty of the wage-earning population of São Tomé and Príncipe. After a survey of the economic situation of São Tomé and Príncipe and the structural adjustment policy implemented since 1987, the author examines the social consequences of the country's economic policy, notably the consequences for the distribution of income. This is done by applying a particular methodology in order to determine the proportion of income spent on food. It was found that social inequalities were considerable and the degree of poverty was high, notably in rural areas. The author suggests an alternative food pattern which would rely more on traditional food products. Through the adoption of such an alternative diet, the percentage of the population considered to be in a situation of poverty could decrease. Finally the author discusses the consequences of the structural adjustment programme for the process of democratization in the country.
- Os trabalhadores moçambicanos na antiga República Democrática Alemã : passado e presentePublication . Oppeinheimer, JochenFor more than ten years, from 1979 until the end of the German Democratic Republic in 1990, the Government of Mozambique maintained a migration of thousands of workers to East Germany. The main, although hidden, purpose of this migration was the servicing of the increasingly unsustainable debt incurred with the GDR. In many respects this migration was similar to the employment of Mozambican miners in South Africa during the colonial period: a paternalistic legal and institutional framework, employment of single youths on a rotating basis, deferred payment, housing and social segregation in the host country. The implosion of the GDR lead to a hasty repatriation of the Mozambican workers and to an open conflict between the returnees and the Government concerning wage and social security transfers for which the workers feel wronged. To voice their claims they take advantage of the newly established civil liberties and democratic institutions in Mozambique. This article assesses this largely ignored phenomenon of contemporary migration by drawing upon some untapped primary sources, less accessible secondary material and interviews, both in Germany and in Mozambique. It may equally contribute to clarify some contentious issues in the ongoing conflict.
- Structural adjustment and the African crisis : a theoretical appraisalPublication . Stein, Howard; Nissanke, MachikoSince the early 1980s, the economic policy and development debate in Sub-Saharan Africa has been singularly dominated by structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) which have been part of the conditionality tied to donor assistance. The debate concerning the appropriateness of SAPs for SSA countries continues to be unabated despite nearly two decades of 'adjustments’. Towards this main objective, the paper is structured as follows. In Section ll, we shall examine the methodological and theoretical foundations of adjustment. This will be presented at three levels, i.e. an examination of: i) methodological sub-components of neo-classical economics; ii) intermediate propositions arising from the sub-components which are embedded in the theories; and iii) theories underlying adjustment as a reflection of these methodological foundations and intermediate propositions. In Section III we shall advance our case that SAPs based on this narrow foundation of neo-classical economics fail to embrace the complex issues involving structural transformation · in Africa. The section starts with a brief discussion of the inconsistencies in the theories underlying adjustment and the structural features of African economies, which are not adequately addressed by SAPs. We shall then show how SAPs are incapable of dealing with the exigencies of African development. Section IV first lists major developmental issues, which are central to effecting institutional and structural transformation in Africa. We shall then begin to outline a theory of dynamic, structural and institutional embeddedness as an alternative framework, which could explicitly treat development as a process of structural and institutional transformation. We shall conclude our discussion with a new policy and research agenda for African Development.
- Desenvolvimento económico e democracia política no contexto do ajustamento estrutural em ÁfricaPublication . Oppenheimer, Jochen; Carvalho, Lyuis Francisco deA discussão que aqui propomos destes processos de democratização centra-se na articulação entre democracia política e desenvolvimento económico, e mais particularmente nas configurações específicas de que essa relação se reveste no quadro da experiência africana. Nesse sentido, começamos por observar o contexto internacional em que se processa a «viragem democrática», designadamente no que se refere à transformação das lógicas de condicionalidade da ajuda pública ao desenvolvimento. A atenção centra-se em particular na emergência dos discursos e práticas de condicionalidade política no quadro da estabilização e ajustamento estrutural, levada a cabo pelo Banco Mundial na viragem para a década de 90. Paralelamente, importa mencionar a abordagem dos doadores bilaterais e de outras instituições internacionais, mais explicitamente associada à problemática da democracia e do respeito pelos direitos humanos. De seguida, recorremos a literatura empírica disponível para avaliar do fundamento da relação virtuosa entre democracia e desenvolvimento avançada como justificação da nova condicionalidade política. Dois tipos de metodologia são abordados: os estudos econométricos e as análises socioculturais comparadas das diversas experiências históricas.
- Southeast asian regional integration and globalization : an overviewPublication . Costa, Manuela Nêveda daThe process of economic development in Southeast Asia has been characterized by two major features: outward orientation and market friendliness. These two strategies have significantly contributed to a greater economic integration in the region by increasing trade, capital and labor flows. The openness of the economy in combination with less regulation has resulted in large inflows of foreign direct investment. Gradual liberalization of the economy has led to greater efficiency in the allocation of resources. Export promotion, coupled with good macroeconomic management, led to rapid industrialization. Southeast Asian rapidly changing economic structures are evolving into an intricate and complex set of interdependencies feeding upon both cooperation and competition. Pacific Asia is now an important market for itself not because of any one specific institutional arrangement but simply as the result of market forces and the shifting of comparative advantage through the region. Furthermore, increases in trade and capital flows stretch far beyond the region contributing to global integration.