Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2024-01"
Now showing 1 - 10 of 198
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- GID Report 2018-2023Publication . Marcelino, Américo; Oliveira, Susana; San-Payo, Manuel; Baptista, Tiago; Costa, Henrique; Linhares, Mário; Manteigas, Beatriz; Passarinho, Hugo; Portella, Grazielle; Ramos, José ArturGID (Drawing Research Group) is a research substructure of CIEBA (Center for Research and Studies in Fine Arts), a Research & Development unit of FBAUL (University of Lisbon, Faculty of Fine Arts). This report is an overview of the activities, initiatives and projects carried out by GID between 2018 and 2023, presented in 12 posters, highlighting 7 main topics of the group’s outcomes: (i) Presentation (team and research description); (ii) Multiple Expression (annual colloquium); (iii) 5MD project (online event); (iv) Practice-led research (exhibitions); (v) Initiatives (Masterclasses, workshops, residencies); (vi) Drawing Lab (digital drawing and advanced training support); and (vii) d@BA project (future plans).
- The importance of psychotherapy developed through the color of drawing and paintingPublication . Souto, OlgaOn the path of spiritual development there is the need to think about problems and challenges, taking advantage of and exploring, from the beginning to the end of life, everything that allows us to update "this time of being", with the aim of enriching and deepening knowledge, allowing the human being the possibility of building a path. A good interpretation of a drawing or painting shows the quality it hides, in terms of the importance of emotions, from a cognitive behavioural perspective. The source of intuition is located on the plane of the soul in the interpretation of drawing or painting and frees the meaning of the symbols, proposing a comprehensive vision and a global perception of events, intuition asks us to be able to open ourselves to the universal. The voice of the soul calls us to grow, to further develop benevolence, tolerance and responsibility. The interpretation of a drawing requires an attitude based on the understanding of the heart, welcoming with kindness the diverse and different information, allows the development of harmony and balance, which is nothing more than a different way of looking at them.
- Leveraging interest-growth differentials : hidden effects of government financial assets in the European UnionPublication . Alves, José; Wagner, ClarisseConditions of fiscal sustainability have been widely studied in the literature. Fiscal reaction functions or cointegration between government revenues and expenditures are two approaches that economists have been paying their attention, not only on a theoretical perspective, but also empirically assessing the sustainability of several economies during different timespans. Whereas a predominant focus has been attributed to primary deficits, little attention has been dedicated to government financial assets contribution to government debt paths. Given that government financial assets represent a large proportion of gross debt accumulation, we enquire about their role on government debt leveraging of economic growth over interest rates, focusing on a channel of gross debt, investment, external balance and ratings, in 27 European Union economies during the period from 2000 to 2022. Large heterogeneities in the statistical characteristics of the series and impacts of financial assets on interest rate-growth rate differentials call for a closer attention to financial assets on a granular approach at individual country level, rather than on the aggregate. Our results highlight the importance of government financial assets holdings to the short and long-run debt trajectories, enhancing or potentially undermining gains from primary deficits consolidation efforts and consequently on the differentials between interest rates and output growth.
- In-between spaces : a configurational history of gated enclaves in the Lisbon Metropolitan AreaPublication . Paulouro, João; Beirão, José Nuno; Ferreira, Victor MotaThis study examines the development of gated enclaves in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (AML) in order to evaluate the relationships between socio-urban segregation and spatial confguration in contemporary urbanities. It assumes that social segregation is an inherent characteristic of cities since ancient times, proposes that this characteristic has a geometric confguration, both social and spatial, and endeavours to determine how this confguration functions at the local and metropolitan level. As such, the project applies a three-pronged multiparadigm approach into building a spatial theory of socio-urban fragmentation through theoretical research into the immaterial condition of urban segregationist thought, a historical survey on the development of gated enclaves, and a morphological and confgurational analysis into socio-spatial division through cartographic and aerial surveys of gated enclaves in the AML from the XII to XXI centuries. It posits that we are currently witnessing the beginning of a New Age of Confnement, requiring a thorough understanding of liminal spaces, and in so doing, lay the foundations for a confgurational theory of auto-poietic socio-urban segregation. Through a series of fndings on the synergetic behaviour of enclaves within the metropolitan network, we establish a correlation between culs-de-sac, and a complex yet contradictory relation between choice and integration in local and global networks of gated enclaves, paving the way for a reinterpretation of the origins and growth of urban agglomerations and concluding with the suggested hypothesis of self-segregation frst, integration later.
- Correction: Correia et al. Redefining the Genus Corollospora Based on Morphological and Phylogenetic Approaches. J. Fungi 2023, 9, 841Publication . Correia, Pedro; Azevedo, Egídia; Caeiro, Maria F.
- Traditional ploughing is critical to the conservation of threatened plants in Mediterranean olive grovesPublication . Pereira, Ana Júlia; Porto, Miguel; Correia, Otília; Beja, PedroArable plant diversity has been dramatically declining due to agriculture intensification, with several arable species currently included in national Red Lists. This is particularly relevant in the case of plant communities of the traditional Mediterranean agricultural systems. Despite the current knowledge about the factors affecting this diversity, it is not clear how these communities, which have likely evolved under the pressure of ploughing for millennia, depend on this regular soil disturbance. This is an important issue nowadays, because current management practices focused on the conservation of the ground vegetation cover, to protect soil and other biological groups, often exclude ploughing. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that traditional ploughing is favourable to more specialist arable plants, predictably more dependent on the regular soil disturbance. We address this issue in a Mediterranean agricultural system, the traditional olive groves of Southern Portugal, which is characterized by the annual ploughing of soil. A total of 90 plots containing 1350 sampling quadrats were sampled, and all plant species identified. We categorized plants in four target groups of conservation interest, and then used a joint species distribution model to model their occurrence in relation to three management practices: ploughing, cultivation and low-intensity grazing, using abandoned olive groves as reference level. Results suggest that ploughing is a key factor for the maintenance of arable plant diversity. Ploughing had a positive effect on the occurrence of rare arable plants, archaeophytes and on several Red listed species. In order to conserve these high value plant communities and endangered plant species, we recommend incentivizing ploughing using reduced tillage techniques (e.g. chisel ploughing) on these traditional Mediterranean agricultural systems.
- Increasing the energy density of carbon-based supercapacitors operating in aqueous electrolytesPublication . Baptista, Joana; Lobato, Killian Paulo Kiernan; Wijayantha-Kahagala-Gamage, UpulNesta tese, usaram-se duas estratégias para tentar aumentar a densidade de energia de supercondensadores constituídos por elétrodos de carbono e um eletrólito aquoso. Primeiro, eletrodepositou-se polióxido de fenileno nos elétrodos, para tentar suprimir as reações parasitas que limitam a sua janela de estabilidade. Embora as correntes catódicas não tenham sido afetadas pelo polímero, este diminuiu as correntes parasitas anódicas. Comparando as curvas de polarização obtidas em Na2SO4(aq) para elétrodos polimerizados e não polimerizados, os primeiros demonstraram uma densidade de corrente de troca anódica menor (3.4 μA/cm2 em vez de 10.1 μA/cm2 ). Isto sugere que potenciais mais elevados podem ser aplicados sem acelerar a degradação (e que, para uma mesma janela, a degradação deve progredir mais lentamente na presença do revestimento passivante). No entanto, medições preliminares de estabilidade ainda não confirmaram isto. Mais repetições são necessárias para compensar a variabilidade entre as células pertencentes a um mesmo grupo. Na segunda parte desta tese, usou-se um laser para perfurar canais em elétrodos espessos de carbono, para fazer com que estes conseguissem manter uma capacidade elevada, mesmo quando rapidamente descarregados (em Na2SO4(aq)). Usaram-se diferentes combinações de intensidade do laser e de distâncias entre os canais por ele criados, e os elétrodos foram preparados por dois métodos distintos: serigrafia e impressão flexográfica manual. Apesar da macroporosidade pré-existente no primeiro conjunto de elétrodos, o seu desempenho a elevadas velocidades de (des)carregamento melhorou: o declive do gráfico de Ragone diminuiu até 50%. Este declive diminuiu apenas 20% para os melhores elementos do segundo conjunto. Apesar da melhoria na difusão iónica, a capacidade específica diminuiu, em ambos os conjuntos, com o processamento a laser. Isto deveu-se possivelmente à redução dos grupos funcionais oxigenados. No entanto, num eletrólito orgânico, a capacidade específica a 2 A/g aumentou cerca de 66% após o processamento a laser.
- Modelling the probability of meeting IUCN Red List criteria to support reassessmentsPublication . Henry, Etienne G.; Santini, Luca; Butchart, Stuart H. M.; González‐Suárez, Manuela; Lucas, Pablo M.; Benítez‐López, Ana; Mancini, Giordano; Jung, Martin; Cardoso, Pedro; Zizka, Alexander; Meyer, Carsten; Akçakaya, H. Reşit; Berryman, Alex J.; Cazalis, Victor; Di Marco, MorenoComparative extinction risk analysis—which predicts species extinction risk from correlation with traits or geographical characteristics—has gained research attention as a promising tool to support extinction risk assessment in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. However, its uptake has been very limited so far, possibly because existing models only predict a species' Red List category, without indicating which Red List criteria may be triggered. This prevents such approaches to be integrated into Red List assessments. We overcome this implementation gap by developing models that predict the probability of species meeting individual Red List criteria. Using data on the world's birds, we evaluated the predictive performance of our criterion-specific models and compared it with the typical criterion-blind modelling approach. We compiled data on biological traits (e.g. range size, clutch size) and external drivers (e.g. change in canopy cover) often associated with extinction risk. For each specific criterion, we modelled the relationship between extinction risk predictors and species' Red List category under that criterion using ordinal regression models. We found criterion-specific models were better at identifying threatened species compared to a criterion-blind model (higher sensitivity), but less good at identifying not threatened species (lower specificity). As expected, different covariates were important for predicting extinction risk under different criteria. Change in annual temperature was important for criteria related to population trends, while high forest dependency was important for criteria related to restricted area of occupancy or small population size. Our criteria-specific method can support Red List assessors by producing outputs that identify species likely to meet specific criteria, and which are the most important predictors. These species can then be prioritised for re-evaluation. We expect this new approach to increase the uptake of extinction risk models in Red List assessments, bridging a long-standing research-implementation gap.
- The expansion and establishment of the New Zealand mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1843) in the freshwater ecosystems of Madeira Island (NE Atlantic)Publication . Órfão, Inês; Ramalhosa, Patrício; Kerckhof, Francis; João Canning-Clode, JoãoThis study reports the spread of the New Zealand mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum throughout freshwater ecosystems of Madeira Island, located in the NE Atlantic. Potamopyrgus antipodarum was first detected in 2017–2018 in two streams located in the north coast of the island. Since then, we have visually inspected the island's freshwater ecosystems and detected this gastropod in nine other streams. Previous evidence suggests that this species was introduced to Madeira since at least 2017, likely in the northern part. Our findings indicate that P. antipodarum is now well established in the initial invaded locations and has since spread to the south region and upper streams of the island. Although it is difficult to conclusively determine the origin and vector of this introduction, it is plausible to assume that humans and fish may have contributed to its current distribution. Our records represent the first evidence of vast geographical distribution of P. antipodarum on Madeira Island. Madeira seems to be the first invaded oceanic island of Macaronesia and the westernmost European distribution range for this invasive species.
- Hygroscopicity and Morphology of Bio-Based Boards—The Influence of the FormulationPublication . Cintura, Eleonora; Nunes, Lina; Molari, Luisa; Bettuzzi, Matteo; Morigi, Maria Pia; Brancaccio, Rosa; Faria, PaulinaThe internal structures and the hygroscopicity of bio-based boards consisting of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) and hazelnut shells as bio-aggregates, and a sodium silicate solution as the adhesive, were investigated. The aim was to evaluate the influence of each material (the bio-aggregates and adhesive) and their distributions in the boards on the final performance. By carrying out X-ray computed tomography, the internal structures and the porosities of the boards were determined, allowing important considerations of their hygroscopicity. The voids’ percentages were between 26% and 36% of the total volume of the composites. Both the materials and the composites demonstrated high hygroscopicity. In particular, the mixtures of the bio-aggregates and the sodium silicate allowed reaching a moisture buffering value of 7.44 g/(m2%RH) for the A. donax-based composite, 3.86 g/(m2%RH) for the hazelnut-shell-based composite, and 4.65 g/(m2%RH) for the mixture-based composite. Besides the identification of the contributions of the materials, a detailed discussion of the assessed properties was carried out to use these bio-based boards in vernacular historic construction. The results show how the aggregate type and the adhesive content affected the final behavior, demonstrating the importance of a conscious material choice. Furthermore, helpful information for the future development of these types of bio-based boards and their possible optimization was provided.