Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2021-07-09"
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- COVID-19 and People Management: The View of Human Resource ManagersPublication . Gonçalves, Sónia P.; Santos, Joana Vieira dos; Silva, Isabel S.; Veloso, Ana; Brandão, Catarina; Moura, RitaCOVID-19 has brought an unexpected need for change within organizations, particularly regarding human resource management. The nature of this global crisis has meant that these processes remain under-systematized. The aim of this study, which uses an exploratory design and mixed-methods analysis, is to contribute to describing the changes in human resource management practices and processes that resulted from this pandemic and to present the outlook of human resource managers for the future. One hundred and thirty-six Portuguese companies participated in the study, with the answers provided by their human resource managers. Results show that the main changes have occurred in the processes of work and safety, training, work organization, recruitment and selection, induction and onboarding, and communication. The profiles that emerged showed an association between the level of change and size of the organization. There was an increase in the use of teleworking and layoffs, and a positive assessment of the organizations’ level of preparation and adaptation to this crisis. Human resource managers reported that the most evident changes in the future will be associated with the use of technology, teleworking, and work organization. These findings are of the upmost importance, as human resource managers are essential pillars in the adjustment of the organizations to this pandemic situation.
- Monoparentalidade Feminina na Guiné-Bissau Rural: desafios das mulheres na gestão das suas famíliasPublication . Intumbo, Mariett Faustina Ferreira; Piepoli, Sónia Infante Girão FriasPesquisas empíricas indicam que nas zonas rurais da Guiné-Bissau, as mulheres têm conquistado relativa autonomia, nomeadamente nas questões da gestão dos seus agregados familiares. Contudo, existem ainda grandes desafios ao seu papel, notadamente o braço de ferro permanente entre a agenda feminista euro-americana, consolidada na ideologia de igualdade de género através da emancipação e independência da mulher sobre todos os aspetos da sua vida e corpo, contrariamente às circunstâncias africanas marcadas pela atualidade dos usos e costumes assentes na visão tradicional e patriarcal do papel do homem e da mulher na sociedade, que muitas vezes, aos nossos olhos, parece aliená-la da participação nos processos de tomada de decisão nos assuntos ligadas à sua comunidade, família e até mesmo da sua vida. Estas duas mundividências, tradicional e estrangeira/importada têm marcado a realidade das mulheres nas zonas rurais guineenses, particularmente das chefes-de-famílias, que apesar da relativa autonomia motivada pela ausência masculina em casa, o seu poder e espaço de ação permanecem limitados. A esta condição somam-se problemas como a pobreza e consequente marginalização no acesso aos direitos básicos. Para atenuar estes desafios, as organizações da sociedade civil têm levado a cabo vários projetos junto destas comunidades, com a finalidade de empoderar as mulheres, todavia, e apesar de alguns resultados positivos, têm surgido novos problemas, nomeadamente a criação de dependência face a estas ajudas. A efemeridade destes apoios, de modo geral não permite o desenvolvimento sustentável, o que demanda das mulheres diferentes estratégias e ações para a (sobre)vivência e manutenção dos seus agregados e criação de mudanças substantivas a nível socioeconómico perduráveis. Neste sentido, as mulheres chefes-de-família têm resistido através do mutualismo feminino; cultivo e comercialização de produtos; criação de fundos monetários para a escolarização dos filhos, aquisição de terras para cultivo e até mesmo construção de casas.
- Fibropapillomatosis and the Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 in Green Turtles from West AfricaPublication . Monteiro, Jessica; Duarte, Margarida; Amadou, Kidé; Barbosa, Castro; El Bar, Nahi; Madeira, Fernando Miguel; Regalla, Aissa; Duarte, Ana; Tavares, Luís; Patrício, Ana RitaFibropapillomatosis (FP) is a tumorigenic panzootic disease of sea turtles, most common in green turtles (Chelonia mydas). FP is linked to the chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChAHV5) and to degraded habitats and, though benign, large tumours can hinder vital functions, causing death. We analyse 108 green turtles, captured in 2018 and 2019, at key foraging grounds in Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania, West Africa, for the presence of FP, and use real-time PCR to detect ChAHV5 DNA, in 76 individuals. The prevalence of FP was moderate; 33% in Guinea-Bissau (n = 36) and 28% in Mauritania (n = 72), and most turtles were mildly affected, possibly due to low human impact at study locations. Juveniles had higher FP prevalence (35%, n = 82) compared to subadults (5%, n = 21), probably because individuals acquire resistance over time. ChAHV5 DNA was detected in 83% (n = 24) of the tumour biopsies, consistent with its role as aetiological agent of FP and in 26% (n = 27) of the ‘normal’ skin (not showing lesions) from FP turtles. Notably, 45% of the asymptomatic turtles were positive for ChAHV5, supporting multifactorial disease expression. We report the first baselines of FP and ChAHV5 prevalence for West Africa green turtles, essential to assess evolution of disease and future impacts of anthropogenic activities.
- Nociplastic pain in office workers with chronic neck painPublication . Nunes, Alexandre Maurício Passos; Espanha, Maria Margarida Marques RebeloChronic neck pain is highly prevalent in office workers. For a better treatment management plan is fundamental to classified the pain mechanism. The main aim of this thesis was to assess central sensitization in office workers with chronic neck pain comparing different pain conditions and different pain intensities. Thus, the thesis is presented in five articles format. The first study, a systematic review and meta-analysis found that all the pressure pain threshold measurements were lower in office workers with chronic neck pain compared with healthy workers. These assumptions were based on a small sample of existing studies. Importantly, this study proposed hypersensitivity reference values for localized and extra-segmental assessment of pressure pain thresholds in chronic neck pain. The second article, a structured web-based questionnaire, demonstrated a high prevalence of neck pain and a considerable number of body segments with pain in Portuguese office workers. The third study assessed pressure pain threshold, temporal summation of pain, and conditioned pain modulation, in different pain conditions and pain intensities. Office workers with moderate pain intensity demonstrated signs of sensitization demonstrated by widespread pressure hyperalgesia and enhanced temporal summation of pain. The fourth study added the assessment of maximal voluntary contraction in upper and lower trapezius, which was lower in those workers. The last study further demonstrated signs of sensitization in a higher number of office workers with chronic neck pain which had at least one quantitative sensory testing finding, being associated with pain intensity and pain rumination. It concludes that office workers with chronic neck pain self reporting a moderate pain intensity, demonstrated signals of nociplastic pain. The assessment of the pain mechanism was possible with reference values and cut-off points in the quantitative sensory testing. Moreover, the presence of nociplastic pain was associated with pain intensity, pain rumination, and lower muscle strength
- Seroprevalência de Encephalitozoon cuniculi num grupo de 32 coelhos de estimação sintomáticosPublication . Pardal, Rosa Romão; Almeida, Virgílio da Silva; Valls Badia, Xavier (Tutor)O agente etiológico da encefalitozoonose, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, é um parasita intracelular obrigatório, produtor de esporos, pertencente ao filo Microspora, com potencial zoonótico. O seu hospedeiro definitivo é o coelho (Oryctolagus cuniculus), mas além de infetar uma variedade de mamíferos, pode infetar seres humanos, principalmente quando imunossuprimidos. O presente estudo avaliou um grupo de 32 coelhos de estimação, com suspeita clínica de infeção por E. cuniculi. A seroprevalência foi determinada por titulação de anticorpos e calculada em 87,5%, das quais 82,1% eram infeções crónicas e 17,9% infeções ativas. A frequência de apresentações clínicas de encefalitozoonose foi a seguinte: neurológica (56,3%); ocular (18,8%); renal (6,3%); com sinais clínicos múltiplos, renais e neurológicos (6,3), oculares e neurológicos (3,1%) ou inespecíficos (9,4%). Não foram encontradas associações estatísticas entre a raça, o sexo e a idade dos coelhos investigados, quer com a frequência de infeção quer com o tipo de infeção por E. cuniculi. O diagnóstico de encefalitozoonose é desafiante porque o desenvolvimento de doença depende sobretudo da capacidade de resposta do sistema imunitário do animal. É importante conhecer as várias apresentações clínicas da doença para fazer o seu diagnóstico precoce, tratamento e prevenção, de forma a reduzir cadeias de transmissão entre animais, e a eventuais titulares imunossuprimidos, e promover a saúde e o bem-estar dos coelhos. Os testes de titulação de anticorpos anti-E. cuniculi revelaram-se muito úteis para validar o diagnóstico clínico de encefalitozoonose e devem ser realizados periodicamente nos coelhos de estimação.
- Fibropapillomatosis and the Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 in green turtles from West AfricaPublication . Monteiro, Jessica; M. Duarte, M. D. Duarte, M. M. Duarte; Kide, Amadou; Castro Barbosa; El Bar, Nahi; Madeira, Fernando M; Regalla, Aissa; Duarte, Ana; Tavares, Luis; Patrício, Ana RitaFibropapillomatosis (FP) is a tumorigenic panzootic disease of sea turtles, most common in green turtles (Chelonia mydas). FP is linked to the chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChAHV5) and to degraded habitats and, though benign, large tumours can hinder vital functions, causing death. We analyse 108 green turtles, captured in 2018 and 2019, at key foraging grounds in Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania, West Africa, for the presence of FP, and use real-time PCR to detect ChAHV5 DNA, in 76 individuals. The prevalence of FP was moderate; 33% in Guinea-Bissau (n = 36) and 28% in Mauritania (n = 72), and most turtles were mildly affected, possibly due to low human impact at study locations. Juveniles had higher FP prevalence (35%, n = 82) compared to subadults (5%, n = 21), probably because individuals acquire resistance over time. ChAHV5 DNA was detected in 83% (n = 24) of the tumour biopsies, consistent with its role as aetiological agent of FP and in 26% (n = 27) of the ‘normal’ skin (not showing lesions) from FP turtles. Notably, 45% of the asymptomatic turtles were positive for ChAHV5, supporting multifactorial disease expression. We report the first baselines of FP and ChAHV5 prevalence for West Africa green turtles, essential to assess evolution of disease and future impacts of anthropogenic activities.