Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2019-10-21"
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- A search for the final maritime boundary delimitation for Timor-LestePublication . Silva, Adelsia Maria Assunção Coelho da; Bastos, Fernando LoureiroMaritime boundary delimitation is one of the oldest disputes between coastal States that remain until present and it is very likely continue to take place in the future. The main international legal framework on this subject matter is the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea regulates how States that is supported by the practice of international courts and tribunal. Until today over 200 maritime boundary disputes remain unresolved. There are many factors contributed to such, one of the factors is the difference view on how it should be delimited that is further complicated by the non-possibility to submit the dispute to international adjudication. This is due the fact that despite UNCLOS provides that all of maritime boundary delimitation shall be resolved by the parties and if cannot shall be submitted to one dispute settlement entailing binding decision in accordance with international law in order to achieve an equitable solution, the Convention also provides the possibility of States excluding themselves from such mechanism by making declaration under Article 298 (1) of UNCOS. One of Timor-Leste’s neighbours, Australia, made that declaration. Following the failure to solve their maritime boundary delimitation in the Timor Se for over 15 years, Timor-Leste submitted the dispute to compulsory conciliation under UNCLOS. This was the last evenue for Timor-Leste to finalise its maritime boundary delimitation. This research will try to analyse maritime boundary delimitation between Timor-Leste and Australia in accordance with International law that will be tried to established by looking at the rule of delimitation in the Convention and the practices developed by international courts and Tribunals. Following of that, as the dispute of the parties managed to be solved by compulsory conciliation, this thesis will then scrutinise the maritime boundary delimitation agreed by the parties.
- Creating Diversity from Biomass: A Tandem Bio/Metal-Catalysis towards Chemoselective Synthesis of Densely Substituted FuransPublication . Ravasco, João M. J. M.; Monteiro, Carlos M.; Siopa, Filipa; Trindade, Alexandre Fonseca; Oble, Julie; Poli, Giovanni; Simeonov, Svilen; Afonso, CarlosA new chemoselective (enzymatic desymmetrization/Ru-catalyzed C−H activation) sequence to obtain differently substituted furans from the largely available 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) was developed. Series of di- and trisubstituted furans were prepared in very good yields and excellent chemoselectivity. This study discloses a new approach towards valorization of the furanics platform through the use of FDCA as a stable intermediate, thus circumventing the chemical instability of the parent 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.
- A Evolução do Candeeiro no Século XIX, tipologias e usosPublication . Fevereiro, António Francisco Arruda de Melo CotaResumo No final do século XVIII realizaram-se as primeiras experiências em torno da iluminação a óleo vegetal, gordura usada ancestralmente, mas com o intuito de aumentar a sua luminosidade. Estas experiências rapidamente despoletaram várias inovações em torno deste combustível, levando à criação de vários tipos de candeeiros, desenvolvidos a partir de uns dos outros, e que rapidamente foram adoptados em diversas tipologias. Estes começaram a fazer parte integrante do interior doméstico e da decoração, consoante as peças utilizadas e estilizações. Este tipo de iluminação era dispensiosa e com manutenção regular. Nos meados do século XIX dão-se as primeiras experiências em torno da iluminação a petróleo, com custos menores e de manutenção inferiores à anterior. O que fez com que este tipo de combustível se tornasse mais acessível e usado pela grande maioria da população. Formas e ornatos, inspirados em épocas passadas e noutras culturas, foram desenvolvidos e adaptados a novas tipologias. Os quebra-luzes eram variados e várias peças adicionais foram aperfeiçoadas, fomentando assim o consumo da burguesia emergente. Todo este desenvolvimento tecnológico e estilístico é fundamental para compreendermos a interação do candeeiro no espaço novecentista, além da sua função e da relação com o ser humano. Abstract At the end of the eighteenth century experiments took place around vegetable oil lighting ( grease used ancestrally ) aiming to increase its luminosity. These experiences quickly led to several innovations and development of various types of burners and systems for this fuel, developed from each other, which originated the creation and perfection of various types of lamps. Therefore, the lamp gradually became integral part of the domestic interior and decoration, according to its materials and stylizations. This type of lighting was expensive and required regular maintenance. In mid nineteenth century were carried out the first experiences around the petroleum lighting, with considerable fewer costs and maintenance in comparison to the other. Rapidly this type of fuel became more accessible and used by the majority of people. Forms and adornments inspired in bygone eras and other cultures were developed and adapted to new typologies. Various types of shades and several specific accessories were perfected thus fomenting the emerging bourgeoisie consumption. All this technological and stylistic development is fundamental to understand the interaction of the lamp in nineteenth century environment, besides its function and relationship with the human being.