Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2002-12"
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- Bargaining regimes and wages in PortugalPublication . Hartog, Joop; Pereira, Pedro T.; Vieira, José A.C.In this paper we analyse the bargaining regime wage-effect in Portugal. The results indicate that the bargaining regime coverage is important in explain- ing the variability of wages. Wage differentials between bargaining regimes are substantial, a fact which may be related to a decentralised wage setting which pre- vails in Portugal. The highest wages are generated by multi-firm negotiations and the lowest are generated by sectoral contracts. Single-firm contracts align at an intermediate level in the ranking.
- A proximidade cultural como factor de decisão do investimento: o caso do investimento português no BrasilPublication . Seabra, Fernando Miguel da Silva; Simões, Vítor CoradoDesde 1996 que as empresas portuguesas têm vindo a escolher o Brasil como mercado de eleição para a localização dos seus investimentos. Este país passou a ser um factor crucial na definição das estratégias de internacionalização das empresas portuguesas. As teorias que argumentam que o processo de internacionalização é um processo de decisões incrementais no sentido de um envolvimento crescente das empresas em operações internacionais, sugerem que quando a experiência das empresas acerca do desenvolvimento destas operações é reduzida, estas optarão de início por investir em países psicologicamente/culturalmente mais próximos do país de origem. O presente trabalho parte do pressuposto de que a proximidade cultural entre Portugal e o Brasil foi um factor influente no processo de decisão conducente ao investimento das empresas portuguesas neste país. São estudados cinco casos de empresas portuguesas que investiram no Brasil, no sentido de confirmar ou não este pressuposto. As questões relacionadas com a gestão dos recursos humanos e o recurso das empresas aos gestores expatriados, são igualmente analisadas por se entender que é a este nível que a gestão da diversidade cultural coloca mais problemas.
- On the impact of a tax shock in PortugalPublication . Pereira, Alfredo M.; Rodrigues, Pedro G.In 1999, Cavaco Silva, the Portuguese Prime Minister from 1985 to 1995, proposed a comprehensive tax reform package, which is to this day the basic reference in the tax policy debate in Portugal. A tax shock would consist of 4pp cuts in the corporate income tax and in the firms’ social security contribution rates, and a 5pp reduction in the highest personal income tax rate. These cuts would be financed by combating tax evasion, curbing wasteful public expenditure and, if necessary, by increasing the VAT rate by up to 2pp. Using a dynamic general equilibrium model to evaluate the effects of this tax shock, we find that the long- term GDP gains would be between 0.72% and 2.91% while the effects on lifetime private welfare would range between –0.99% and 0.9%. The efficiency of this tax reform package depends critically on the way the tax cuts are financed to ensure deficit neutrality. Because investment is subject to adjustment costs, to alleviate the long-run trade-off between GDP and welfare, tax policy changes must induce a significant increase in net labor income.
- Lessons Learned with NavTech: a Framework for Reliable Large-Scale ApplicationsPublication . Veríssimo, PauloThis paper presents an overview of the results of NavTech, an architectural framework to support the development of reliable large-scale applications. Several concrete protocols designed under the NavTech framework were published along the years, but most of the architectural innovation together with the skeleton protocols had remained unpublished. We identify the fundamental building blocks and the relevant connections among them that make it possible to support a wide range of applications. The hierarchical network model (a WAN-of-LANs). Besides, it features a novel membership structure, based on the site-participant hierarchy. This membership skeleton supports in turn a hierarchy of protocol building blocks. Inside each block, different algorithms can be constructed by microprotocol composition, achieving different specializations of the architecture. NavTech protocols further enjoy the topology awareness property, which enhances their scalability
- Construção Modular de Redes Neuronais Recorrentes AnalógicasPublication . Neto, João Pedro; Costa, José FélixThis work lies within the scientific areas of Theory of Computation and artificial neural networks. It researches some possible knowledge bridges between both areas, and tries to integrate concepts in order to achieve a common and broader computational framework. This effort concentrates, firstly, on a computational architecture definition, based on a certain neural model (and subsequent demonstration that its power is equivalent to Turing Machines). Secondly, it will be developed a set of working tools to maximize and take advantage of this computational model. This will be achieved by using a high level programming language, and an automatic compilation process, able to translate the algorithmic representation of a certain problem into a parallel and modular neural network. These tools focus on two computational concepts: control and learning. In this context, control means all algorithms that use symbolic information, i.e., information with a well-defined context and meaning. Learning, on the other side, consists in a set of sub-symbolic algorithms, where there is no individual meaning for each basic piece of information, and all knowledge is distributed. It will also be presented a proposal for a specific hardware to execute the neural model neural, and a structure of a multiagent entity based on the previous concepts
- Modelação e análise de processos de trabalho (workflow)Publication . Lindo, Ana Isabel dos Santos Ramos Barros; Guimarães, Nuno Manuel de Carvalho Ferreira