DG - Comunicações em Actas de conferências / Conference Documents
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- Relationships as mechanisms for the co-ordination of capabilities in the portuguese industry of mouldsPublication . Mota, João; Castro, Luis Mota deNew perspectives arose of recently about the division of work in industry and the coordinating mechanisms thereof (Langlois and Robertson, 1995). This paper looks at the coordination of activities and division of work in industry from the industrial networks perspective. Both the notion of relationships between firms, seen as co-ordinating mechanisms (Axelsson and Easton, 1992) and joint learning devices (Håkansson, 1993) , and the notion of firms as sets of direct and indirect capabilities (Loasby, 1998a, 1998b) are used in order to characterise and contrast the trajectories (development paths) of four firms from the Portuguese industry of moulds for plastic injection
- Active agents, passive principals: the role of the chief executive in corporate strategy formulation and implementationPublication . Raposo, Clara C.; Dow, JamesIn this paper we use agency theory to study the active role of the chief executive in the formulation of corporate strategy. Unlike traditional applications of agency theory, we allow the aggent (CEO) to play a role in defining the parameters of the agency problem. We argue that CEOs willhave oncentive to propose difficult, ambigious strategies for the corporations. The effect arises becuase in equillibium, the agent may be overcompensated in the sense that the participation constraint is not binding in determining his compensation. The agent can exploit this by proposing ambitious corporate strategies, thereby influencing the parameters of the constraints in the agency problem. The principal (the owners of the company) can mitigate this by precommitting to pay high compensation regardless of the manager's chosen strategy, but may optimally perfer not to do so
- The role of relationships in the development of firms’ capabilities: evaluating and acting on a portfolio of customersPublication . Mota, João; Castro, Luis Mota deThe concept of connectivity between inter-firm relationships underlies the network view of markets. Dyadic relationships are partly counterpart specific and affect each other. It is usually stressed, within the industrial networks approach, that the heterogeneity of relationships and their specificity are a source problems and opportunities for management (Håkansson and Snehota, 1995). In this context, we can expect that setting priorities between relationships should be one of the central issues for managers to influence their firms’ trajectories. In this paper, we discuss this issue considering two inter-related dimensions of firms’ trajectories: the counterpart/relationship dimension and the production system (activity & resource) dimension. Changes in both dimensions and development of capabilities make sense in a temporal context. Therefore, we conducted longitudinal case studies of producers of moulds for the injection of plastics, analysing how their contrasting trajectories in terms of product specialization can be related to how variety was used and learned in both dimensions. Our study suggests that the relevance of the interdependencies and variety found within a set of relationships should be seen in the context of firm’s idiosyncratic capabilities, which include their interpretations and experiences in using and influencing variety. Awareness of this could be important when managers evaluate the composition of their firms’ portfolio of relationships with customers and act to influence its evolution. This is also important because its may propagate and impact on the firm’ relationships with other direct and indirect counterparts..
- PhD Project on knowledge management and intellectual capitalPublication . Curado, CarlaBontis et al. (2002) suggest that intellectual capital represents the “stock” of knowledge that exists in an organization. Managing this stock of knowledge in the firm is the domain of knowledge management (Choo and Bontis, 2002). There are different dimensions of intellectual, and flows between them. There must be made a fundamental distinction between stocks and flows of knowledge (Dierickx and Cool, 1989), (Roos and Roos, 1997), (Bontis et al., 1999). Knowledge is a puzzling concept, tough to measure (Spender, 2002). Value is created when stocks of knowledge are employed and degrades when they remain unused (Pike et al., 2002). Knowledge assets are not consumed when they are applied to solving organizations problems, on the contrary, a knowledge asset´s value is generally maintained and often enlarged by its application, while conventional assets must be depreciated or replaced (Spender, 2002). Thus, knowledge management is a strategic issue (Nonaka and Konno, 1998), (Alvarez and Barney, 2001), (Bontis and Nikitopoulos, 2001).
- Connecting capabilities through technological centresPublication . Mota, João; Castro, Luis Mota deRecent perspectives on a capabilities view of the firm often recognize the need for firms to develop an external organization. Within the IMP tradition, it is recognized that the external organization may include economic and non-economic exchange relationships. However, greater emphasis is given to the former. The relevance of relationships for firms and for industries can be linked to their role in the generation and diffusion of knowledge. In this paper we will discuss the potential role of technological centres (TC’s) as part of firms’ external organizations and emphasize TC’s role in connecting economic and non-economic exchange relationships. It is further suggested that the motives and the benefits perceived by firms and, in general, the relevance of sharing experiences within these contexts should be seen in the wider context of firms’ specific and idiosyncratic trajectories
- Routines, learning by using and networks: the case of aircraft maintenancePublication . Araujo, Luis; Mota, JoãoThe purpose of this paper is to explore the notion of routines and its connection to the evolution of “learning-by-using” in a complex network setting, aircraft maintenance. Despite continued theoretical interest, there has been a dearth of empirical studies in how routines emerge and develop in the field. In addition, few studies have considered how routines intersect and interact across conventional organisational boundaries. Aircraft maintenance stands at the junctions of a number of relationships that define and constrain how maintenance operations are to be performed, namely airframe manufacturer-maintenance station and maintenance station-aircraft operator. In addition, aircraft maintenance is governed by a highly formalised set of rules involving formal institutions and regulatory bodies (e.g. industry associations, civil aviation authorities). A system governed by tight routines might be expected to learn only gradually and slowly. The paper discusses how the combination of routines with the accumulation and rapid diffusion of “learning-by-using” mechanisms at different levels of the network of actors directly and indirectly involved in aircraft maintenance
- Aplicação das normas do IASB em Portugal: as principais alteraçõesPublication . Lourenço, Isabel Costa; Morais, AnaA União Europeia iniciou, na década de 90, um processo de aproximação às normas do IASB que culminou em 2002 com a aprovação do Regulamento 1606/2002 do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho da União Europeia, que obriga as sociedades com valores mobiliários admitidos à cotação em mercado regulamentado da União Europeia a preparar e apresentar as suas demonstrações financeiras consolidadas de acordo com as disposições previstas nas normas do IASB, a partir do exercício com início em ou após 1 de Janeiro de 2005. Neste contexto, considerou-se que é importante realizar um estudo com vista a avaliar o impacto em Portugal deste processo de transição para as normas do IASB. O objectivo deste estudo é o de, por um lado, verificar se as empresas portuguesas cotadas em bolsa e sujeitas à aplicação do POC e das Directrizes Contabilísticas terão de alterar, ou não, muitos procedimentos contabilísticos para preparar as suas Demonstrações Financeiras Consolidadas em conformidade com as normas do IASB e, por outro lado, identificar os assuntos sujeitos a maiores alterações. Do estudo realizado, pode concluir-se que as áreas sujeitas a maior alteração serão as que se relacionam com existências, investimentos em associadas, imparidade de activos fixos tangíveis e de activos intangíveis, instrumentos financeiros e tratamento contabilístico das concentrações de negócios.
- Cash holdings and business conditionsPublication . Custódio, Cláudia; Ferreira, Miguel A.; Raposo, ClaraWe investigate the relation between business conditions and corporate liquidity decisions by US firms. We find strong evidence that financially constrained firms hold more cash during recessions and that business conditions are significant to constrained firms’ cash decisions. In contrast, we find weak evidence that financially unconstrained firms adjust cash holdings according to the business cycle. This asymmetric behavior is more pronounced for changes in the short-term interest rate. Moreover, we find that firms increase the level of liquidity during periods of tighter credit conditions. Our findings support both the precautionary motive for holding cash and the pecking order theory
- Towards a network perspective of franchising chainsPublication . Castro, Luis.M. de; Mota, João; Marnoto, SandraFranchising, especially business format franchising also known as the McDonalds approach has been seen by practitioners and also by some academics simply as a straightforward approach for the creation (and replication) of one’s own business – i.e. as one of the ways for entrepreneurship (and growth). Several trade associations were created for the promotion of this kind of business using a combination of “recipes for success” and entrepreneurial “bias for action”. The prevailing explanations for the franchising phenomena, especially the initiative of franchising, the propensity to franchise, and franchise performance, are mostly based on two orders of reasons or a combination of them: franchising as a means to deal with resource scarcity and / or mechanism for franchisor and franchisee to align incentives between both. However, empirical studies have shown limited support for such claims, especially in face of the so called plural form. The mixed nature of the plural form, where proprietary units coexist with franchised units, seems to contradict predictions of a clear deterministic path in one or the other direction. Issued regarding learning processes in such “networks” have recently been brought in, as an attempt to capture other mechanisms that may underlie their operation and sustainability. It may also be argued that the traditional literature on franchising has assumed a high level of homogeneity within and between franchising “networks”, possibly due to the perception that they tend to be “dominated” by a high level of standardization of practices, both operative and relational. This paper seeks to explore another perspective to look at franchising “networks”, by drawing from the literature on capabilities and industrial networks. Seen from this perspective, business format franchising may involve more than the mere replication or exploitation of a recipe, especially if we take into consideration the partly idiosyncratic nature of both the relationships between actors and their capabilities and intentions. In this framework, the experiences of the actors involved and not only the franchisor, including those relative to relationships as mechanisms for the coordination and generation of new knowledge, may be relevant for a better understanding of the dynamics of a particular “network”. Additional sources of variety may be the need throughout time for the refinement of the “package”, in more than one ways, together with the gradual developing of the network, and the learning experiences taking place in that context.
- Valorização e implicações do capital intelectualPublication . Curado, Carla; Navas-Lopez, JoseThis paper addresses the issues of intellectual capital valuing and measuring, and its implications for management. The efforts to model intellectual capital reflect a vision of improved management on the critical resources in the Knowledge Economy. Such management entails the development of internal reports on intellectual capital and the search for measures. This particular resource presents distinctive characteristics that involve specific aspects of its management in organizations. Analysing the peculiar and interesting dimensions of intellectual capital allows us to face the challenges of its management.