Browsing by Author "Freitas, Sara"
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- Characteristic Declination—A Useful Concept for Accelerating 3D Solar Potential CalculationsPublication . Brito, Miguel Centeno; Amaro E Silva, Rodrigo; Freitas, SaraThe characteristic declination is the declination for the day on which the daily extra-terrestrial irradiation on a horizontal surface is identical to its monthly average value. It was introduced as a means to determine monthly average values of irradiation. This paper explores its potential usefulness to reduce computing time when mapping solar potential in complex urban areas. This simplification reduces computing demand by a factor of 30x while introducing a +5 to +8% error in the annual monthly irradiation on a typical urban neighborhood for a low and mid-latitudes. Errors are larger (+10 to +12%) for high latitudes. The magnitude of the errors is comparable to other relevant uncertainties in solar mapping tools, associated with solar radiation modeling, the layout and details of the buildings or the PV energy yield models.
- Characterization of the transcriptional signatures associated with resistance and susceptibility to Hemileia vastatrix in the Kawisari coffee hybridPublication . Azevedo, Herlander; Diniz, Inês; Figueiredo, Andreia; Guedes, Fernanda Alves Freitas; Sebastiana, Mónica Guita; Azinheira, Helena Gil; Barros, Danielle; Castro, Pedro Humberto; Freitas, Sara; Loureiro, Andreia; Muñoz-Pajares, Antonio Jesus; Pereira, Ana Paula; Sottomayor, Mariana; Tavares, Sílvia; Varzea, Vitor; Guerra-Guimarães, Leonor; Batista, Dora; Silva, Maria do CéuCoffee leaf rust (CLR), a disease caused by the biotrophic fungus Hemileia vastatrix (Hv), is the main threat to the worldwide production of Arabica coffee. The gradual breakdown of resistance in coffee varieties in the last years has highlighted the need for novel sources of resistance to CLR. This work aimed to unveil the cellular and molecular resistance profile of the Kawisari hybrid (C. arabica x C. liberica), a genotype used as a resistance donor in Arabica breeding programs in India. This coffee genotype was inoculated with two Hv races that triggered either resistance or susceptibility. Progress of infection was monitored using light microscopy. Simultaneously, we conducted a time-course RNA-seq characterization of the transcriptional responses. The microscopic studies showed that the post-haustorial resistance of Kawisari was associated with the hypersensitive response, accumulation of phenolic-like compounds and haustorium encasement with callose. The transcriptomic analysis suggest the downregulation of host primary metabolism genes at the early onset of infection, followed later by activation of genes functionally associated with multiple plant defense responses, including salicylic acid and jasmonate hormonal signaling. Resistance was also accompanied by the differential regulation of genes associated with phenylpropanoid metabolism and lignin biosynthesis. Our results, further validated by qPCR, provide important new insight into the molecular mechanisms underpinning resistance against CLR in this coffee genotype.
- Conforto térmico e estado de saúde autorrelatado por residentes no concelho de LisboaPublication . Santos, Osvaldo; Capitão, Carolina; Fialho, Mónica; Silva, Eduardo; Freitas, Sara; Clímaco, Nuno; Raposo, Carlos; Schmidt, Luísa; Horta, AnaNas páginas seguintes são apresentados, de forma detalhada, os resultados do inquérito promovido pela Lisboa E-Nova – Agência de Energia e Ambiente de Lisboa e realizado pelo Instituto de Saúde Ambiental da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, com a colaboração também do Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa, sobre conforto térmico autorrelatado e sua associação com indicadores comportamentais e de saúde, no concelho de Lisboa. Este inquérito foi realizado em dois momentos distintos, procurando captar as experiências de adultos (25 ou mais anos de idade) residentes em Lisboa, em sazonalidades distintas (verão e inverno). Este estudo seguiu uma amostragem não probablística por quotas considerando a distribuição por sexo, grupo etário, escolaridade e unidades de intervenção territorial de Lisboa do Census de 2021.
- Conforto térmico e saúde humana no concelho de LisboaPublication . Santos, Osvaldo; Capitão, Carolina; Fialho, Mónica; Silva, Eduardo; Freitas, Sara; Clímaco, Nuno; Raposo, Carlos; Schmidt, Luísa; Horta, Ana
- Conforto térmico e saúde humana no concelho de LisboaPublication . Santos, Osvaldo; Capitão, Carolina; Fialho, Mónica; Silva, Eduardo; Freitas, Sara; Clímaco, Nuno; Raposo, Carlos; Schmidt, Luísa; Horta, Ana
- Pervasive hybridization with local wild relatives in Western European grapevine varietiesPublication . Freitas, Sara; Gazda, Malgorzata A.; Rebelo, Miguel A.; Muñoz-Pajares, Antonio J.; Vila-Viçosa, Carlos; Muñoz-Mérida, Antonio; Gonçalves, Luís M.; Azevedo-Silva, David; Afonso, Sandra; Castro, Isaura; Castro, Pedro H.; Sottomayor, Mariana; Beja-Pereira, Albano; Tereso, João; Ferrand, Nuno; Gonçalves, Elsa; Martins, Antero; Carneiro, Miguel; Azevedo, HerlanderGrapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) diversity richness results from a complex domestication history over multiple historical periods. Here, we used whole-genome resequencing to elucidate different aspects of its recent evolutionary history. Our results support a model in which a central domestication event in grapevine was followed by postdomestication hybridization with local wild genotypes, leading to the presence of an introgression signature in modern wine varieties across Western Europe. The strongest signal was associated with a subset of Iberian grapevine varieties showing large introgression tracts. We targeted this study group for further analysis, demonstrating how regions under selection in wild populations from the Iberian Peninsula were preferentially passed on to the cultivated varieties by gene flow. Examination of underlying genes suggests that environmental adaptation played a fundamental role in both the evolution of wild genotypes and the outcome of hybridization with cultivated varieties, supporting a case of adaptive introgression in grapevine
- Pervasive hybridization with local wild relatives in Western European grapevine varietiesPublication . Freitas, Sara; Gazda, Małgorzata A.; Rebelo, Miguel Â.; Muñoz-Pajares, Antonio J.; Vila-Viçosa, Carlos; Muñoz-Mérida, Antonio; Gonçalves, Luís M.; Azevedo-Silva, David; Afonso, Sandra; Castro, Isaura; Castro, Pedro H.; Sottomayor, Mariana; Beja-Pereira, Albano; Tereso, João; Ferrand, Nuno; Gonçalves, Elsa; Martins, Antero; Carneiro, Miguel; Azevedo, HerlanderGrapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) diversity richness results from a complex domestication history over multiple historical periods. Here, we used whole-genome resequencing to elucidate different aspects of its recent evolutionary history. Our results support a model in which a central domestication event in grapevine was followed by postdomestication hybridization with local wild genotypes, leading to the presence of an introgression signature in modern wine varieties across Western Europe. The strongest signal was associated with a subset of Iberian grapevine varieties showing large introgression tracts. We targeted this study group for further analysis, demonstrating how regions under selection in wild populations from the Iberian Peninsula were preferentially passed on to the cultivated varieties by gene flow. Examination of underlying genes suggests that environmental adaptation played a fundamental role in both the evolution of wild genotypes and the outcome of hybridization with cultivated varieties, supporting a case of adaptive introgression in grapevine.
- The effect of education on age-related changes in three cognitive domains: a cross-sectional study in primary carePublication . Martins, Isabel Pavão; Maruta, Carolina; Silva, Cláudia; Rodrigues, Pedro; Chester, Catarina; Ginó, Sandra; Freitas, Vanda; Freitas, Sara; Oliveira, AntonioThe present study aims to investigate the protective effect of formal education on age-related changes in different cognitive domains with the hypothesis that it may attenuate the rate of decline. Individuals aged 50 years or older attending primary care physicians without known brain disease (431 participants, mostly [60.3%] female with 66.3 [±9.1] years of age and 7.7 [±4.1] years of education, on average), were evaluated with a neuropsychological battery including 28 cognitive measures. Cognitive domains identified by factor analysis were subject to repeated multiple regression analyses to determine the variance explained by age and education controlling for gender, depressive symptoms, and vascular risk factors. The slope of the regression equation was compared between two educational groups with an average of 4 years and 11 years of education, respectively. Factors identified corresponded to processing ability (Factor 1), memory (Factor 2), and acquired knowledge (Factor 3). Although education improved performance in Factors 1 and 3, it did not change the slope of age-related decline in any factor. This study suggests that in culturally heterogeneous groups, small increments in education enhance cognition but do not modify the rate of decline of executive functioning with age. These results contradict some clinical findings and need to be confirmed in longitudinal studies.