Browsing by Author "Fernandes, J."
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- Identifying seawater intrusion in coastal areas by means of 1D and quasi-2D joint inversion of TDEM and VES dataPublication . Martínez-Moreno, F.J.; Monteiro Santos, Fernando Acácio; Bernardo, I.; Farzamian, M.; Nascimento, C.; Fernandes, J.; Casal, B.; Ribeiro, J.A.Seawater intrusion is an increasingly widespread problem in coastal aquifers caused by climate changes –sea-level rise, extreme phenomena like flooding and droughts– and groundwater depletion near to the coastline. To evaluate and mitigate the environmental risks of this phenomenon it is necessary to characterize the coastal aquifer and the salt intrusion. Geophysical methods are the most appropriate tool to address these researches. Among all geophysical techniques, electrical methods are able to detect seawater intrusions due to the high resistivity contrast between saltwater, freshwater and geological layers. The combination of two or more geophysical methods is recommended and they are more efficient when both data are inverted jointly because the final model encompasses the physical properties measured for each methods. In this investigation, joint inversion of vertical electric and time domain soundings has been performed to examine seawater intrusion in an area within the Ferragudo-Albufeira aquifer system (Algarve, South of Portugal). For this purpose two profiles combining electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and time domain electromagnetic (TDEM) methods were measured and the results were compared with the information obtained from exploration drilling. Three different inversions have been carried out: single inversion of the ERT and TDEM data, 1D joint inversion and quasi-2D joint inversion. Single inversion results identify seawater intrusion, although the sedimentary layers detected in exploration drilling were not well differentiated. The models obtained with 1D joint inversion improve the previous inversion due to better detection of sedimentary layer and the seawater intrusion appear to be better defined. Finally, the quasi-2D joint inversion reveals a more realistic shape of the seawater intrusion and it is able to distinguish more sedimentary layers recognised in the exploration drilling. This study demonstrates that the quasi-2D joint inversion improves the previous inversions methods making it a powerful tool applicable to different research areas.
- Self-powered proton detectors based on GaN core shell p n microwiresPublication . Verheij, D.; Peres, M.; Cardoso, S.; Alves, L. C.; Alves, E.; Durand, C.; Eymery, J.; Fernandes, J.; Lorenz, K.
- SIMWE model application on susceptibility analysis to bank gully erosion in Alto Douro Wine Region agricultural terracesPublication . Fernandes, J.; Bateira, Carlos; Soares, L.; Faria, A.; Oliveira, A.; Hermenegildo, C.; Moura, R.; Gonçalves, J.This paper focuses on the susceptibility evaluation to bank gullies on earthen embankments through the applica-tion of SIMWE (SIMulated Water Erosion) model, using a high resolution digital elevation model (1 meter spatialresolution). The results provided by the model are compared with the hydrologic characteristics, soil texture andsoil structure of the agricultural terraces. This approach demonstrates an association between the spatial distri-bution of erosive forms with high values of water depth and reduced water discharge that are consistent withthe lower values of electrical resistivity. The areas with the highest percentage of erosive forms, related to sedi-mentflux, transport capacity and sediment concentration susceptibility, assume medium values. Thesefigures,combined with a low hydraulic conductivity and soil infiltration capacity, are consistent with thefine textureof soils, allowing increased runoff and the development of linear erosion.