Browsing by Author "Coelho, Manuel"
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- A queue model for recycling and dismantling motor vehiclesPublication . Ferreira, Manuel A.; Filipe, José A.; Coelho, ManuelWe study a situation in which, owing to the exhaustion of non-renewable energy sources, conventional motor vehicles will turn out of use. We consider two scenarios: recycling or dismantling these motor vehicles. M|G|∞ queue system is used to study the process. Through it, we conclude that if the rate of dismantling and recycling of motor vehicles is greater than the rate at which they become idle, the system will tend to get balanced. The model allows also performing a brief study about the recycling or dismantling economic interest.
- A queue model for recycling and. dismantling motor vehiclesPublication . Ferreira, Manuel A.; Filipe, José António; Coelho, ManuelWe study a situation in which, owing to the exhaustion of non-renewable energy sources, conventional motor vehicles will turn out of use. We consider two scenarios: recycling or dismantling these motor vehicles. M|G|°° queue system is used to study the process. Through it, we conclude that if the rate of dismantling and recycling of motor vehicles is greater than the rate at which they become idle, the system will tend to get balanced. The model allows also performing a brief study about the recycling or dismantling economic interest.
- Rights based management and the reform of the common fisheries policy : an evaluation of portuguese experiencePublication . Coelho, ManuelRecently, the Pew Environment Group released a study that finds that E. U. fisheries have failed to reduce fleet capacity thus exerting fishing pressure on stocks at two/three time sustainable levels. The members evaluated in this study accounted for more than 90% of European fisheries subsidies. Overcapacity and overcapitalisation of the sector was identified as the principal failure of the Common Fisheries Policy. The study also highlights that member-states failed to take environmental and social concerns into consideration when allocating public funding. This conclusion may be well important in the CFP reform (2012) and put again the discussion about the tools that can be used to get sustainable management and better cohesion. The idea of creating markets for fishing rights as a means of internalising the externalities derived from the common property nature of fisheries have received considerable attention by the founding fathers of Law and Economics and Fisheries Economics such as Coase, Scott and Christy. The idea is to create a market of individual transferable quotas (ITQs) and confide in the self-regulation of such a system to conduct the fisheries to the economic efficiency and to promote inter-temporal sustainable use of resources. Rights Based Management schemes have already been experimented in some specific fisheries and localizations. These experiences have a lot of teaching results about good practices of sustainable fisheries management and also about the limitations/ risks of these tools. These conclusions are fundamental to explore the feasibility of these tools as instruments of conservation in the CFP. The purpose of our Communication is to enter this debate and evaluate the Portuguese experience with rights based management.
- Rights Based Management and the Reform of the Common fisheries Policy: An Evaluation of Portuguese ExperiencePublication . Coelho, ManuelRecently, the Pew Environment Group released a study that finds that E. U. fisheries have failed to reduce fleet capacity thus exerting fishing pressure on stocks at two/three time sustainable levels. The members evaluated in this study accounted for more than 90% of European fisheries subsidies. Overcapacity and overcapitalisation of the sector was identified as the principal failure of the Common Fisheries Policy. The study also highlights that member-states failed to take environmental and social concerns into consideration when allocating public funding. This conclusion may be well important in the CFP reform (2012) and put again the discussion about the tools that can be used to get sustainable management and better cohesion. The idea of creating markets for fishing rights as a means of internalising the externalities derived from the common property nature of fisheries have received considerable attention by the founding fathers of Law and Economics and Fisheries Economics such as Coase, Scott and Christy. The idea is to create a market of individual transferable quotas (ITQs) and confide in the self-regulation of such a system to conduct the fisheries to the economic efficiency and to promote inter¬temporal sustainable use of resources. Rights Based Management schemes have already been experimented in some specific fisheries and localizations. These experiences have a lot of teaching results about good practices of sustainable fisheries management and also about the limitations/ risks of these tools. These conclusions are fundamental to explore the feasibility of these tools as instruments of conservation in the CFP. The purpose of our Communication is to enter this debate and evaluate the Portuguese experience with rights based management.
- Roman legal tradition and the mismanagement of hunting resourcesPublication . Coelho, ManuelHunting and game-preservation are interrelated: hunting must respect the intentions of game-preservation, and game-preservation must rely on hunting as one method to achieve its intentions. HASENKAMP (1995) applied the Economic Theory of Common Resources to the problem to provide conclusions about the management and conservation of hunting resources. These conclusions are reflected in the existing relevant legal hunting setting in Germany. German Law contains legal principles that confronts the hunter with the objectives of hunting preservation and held him the responsibility for pursuing these goals. In our paper, we derive a model of hunting management, adapting the GORDON/SCHAEFER fisheries model. The conclusions of the model, similar with those of Hasenkamp, are confronted with Portuguese hunting regulation. We conclude that Portugal has a Roman legal tradition with respect to hunting propertyrights. To the Roman conception, the wild animals constitute res nullius (things without owner) that all men can appropriate by ocupatio. The classification of free land implicates the idea that the hunter has the freedom of access to hunt in other’s land, although respecting imposed norms. This tradition of open access is the root-cause of hunting depletion. But, at the same time, the legislator sees it as a form of giving the hunters without land, the possibility of enjoying this activity. This is compatible with the Portuguese tradition, which almost attributes a personality right to the right of hunting.
- The relevance of chaos theory to explain problems of overexploitation in fisheriesPublication . Filipe, José António; Ferreira, Manuel A.; Coelho, ManuelThe Mankind’s oldest concern inhabits necessarily on its survival. For thousands of years the Humanity always lived with an almost steady level in the way of living. Production followed the growth of the population. To the generality of the times and to the generality of the people, the historical rule was a life with the strictly necessary for the populations’ day-to-day. The development is an exception in the history of the Humanity that exists just for a period not longer than 250 years. The Humanity had never had a so significant, consistent and intense transformation in its History. In this period, a complete revolution in the life style of the world-wide population happened to the countries currently appointed as developed countries. However, its effects were not bordered to these zones. Its presence has been extensive to the whole world. In particular, with what it is assigned as external aid, the rich countries changed the stages of development of a great part of the globe, shortening the development stages of many countries and provoking several kinds of unbalances and disturbs (see, for example, what happened with vaccines on the field of health, with the pollution, with all the problems emerged on the feeding area and with other many forms of intrusion, with visible effects and heavy direct impacts). This development represents a large step for the Humanity. The comfort, the best levels of health and the best standards of life correspond to a set of advantages which medal reverse represents so big costs that their effects we are not able to study yet. It is not the progress and the development that may be contested but the way the societies do not find ways to get a supported and balanced development, respecting the principles of equity that must exist among our specie and the others. Throughout the 20th century the extreme exploitation of resources brought out very big concerns about their preservation
- The sustainable competitive positional advantage of English Dailies : A study for the State of Tamilnadu (India)Publication . Selvarasu, A.; Filipe, José; Ferreira, Manuel A.; Coelho, Manuel
- The tragedy of the anti-commons: a wew problem. An application to the fisheriesPublication . Filipe, José António; Ferreira, Manuel Alberto M.; Coelho, ManuelThe operation and management of common property resources ("the commons") have been exhaustively examined in economics and political science, both in formal analysis and in practical applications. "Tragedy of the Commons" metaphor helps to explain why people overuse shared resources. On the other side, Anti-Commons Theory is a recent theory presented by scientists to explain several situations about new Property Rights concerns. An "anti-commons" problem arises when there are multiple rights to exclude. Little attention has been given to the setting where more than one person is assigned with exclusion rights, which may be exercised. We analyze the "anti-commons" problem in which resources are inefficiently under¬utilized rather than over-utilized as in the familiar commons setting. In fact, these two problems are symmetrical in several aspects.
- A tragédia dos comuns revisitada : a pesca do bacalhau na Terra Nova: consequências do regime das 200 milhasPublication . Coelho, Manuel; Lopes, Rui JunqueiraA investigação desenvolvida nesta dissertação centra-se no binómio Direitos de Propriedade / Política de Pescas. A transição de um regime de livre acesso para políticas de limitação à entrada e atribuição de quotas (mais ou menos transferíveis) significou uma alteração sensível na forma de entender os problemas das pescarias e de as ordenar de forma eficiente.A criação do regime das 200 milhas, ao atribuir aos países costeiros, direitos de propriedade e novas prerrogativas na gestão dos seus recursos, representou um imenso potencial para uma gestão sustentável das pescas, uma "Promessa de Abundância". A prática demonstrou que, sem uma política de redução da sobrecapacidade, e em presença de restrições de ordem social e política , estas conclusões devem ser relativizadas. Por outro lado, os problemas derivados da imprecisa definição de direitos nas zonas de Alto-Mar adjacentes às ZEEs, na Lei do Mar ( 1982), nomeadamente os relativos aos straddling stocks, implicam uma revisitação da "Tragédia dos Comums" e da relação entre regras de acesso e sobrepesca. Isto podemos comprovar pela análise do caso: A pesca do bacalhau na Terra Nova. Simultaniamente, avaliamos os efeitos da criação do regime das 200 milhas sobre a frota de pesca longínqua portuguesa que, tradicionalmente, pratica aquela pescaria.
- Tragedies on natural resources a commons and anticommons approachPublication . Coelho, Manuel; Filipe, José; Ferreira, ManuelAmbiguous concepts blur analytical and policy prescription clarity. In the literature on Natural Resources it would be difficult to find a concept as misunderstood as commons. This paper clarifies this confusion and establishes an adequate conceptualisation. A typology of property-rights regimes relevant to common property resources is presented and a new concept – anticommons - is introduced. The reflex of this regimes distinction on the design of the natural resources policy is discussed and this conceptualisation is used to study exemplar cases in the area of fisheries and aquaculture policy in Portugal.