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Casais biculturais e monoculturais: diferenças e recursos
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Apesar do aumento da prevalência de casais biculturais, existem escassos estudos empíricos sobre estes casais. Um primeiro estudo de focus groups com 29 cônjuges de casais biculturais sugere que os rituais famíliares e a língua/comunicação são considerados os temas mais pertinentes enquanto factores protectores e factores de risco. Num segundo estudo, pretendíamos verificar: a) se os casais monoculturais diferem dos casais biculturais na satisfação conjugal e nos rituais familiares; b) que variáveis contribuem para a satisfação conjugal (factores protectores); e c) como se processa a transmissão dos rituais familiares das famílias de origem. O estudo compara 278 casais monoculturais com 146 casais biculturais, que responderam a questionários sobre a satisfação conjugal e rituais familiares. Oscasais biculturais responderam, ainda, a um questionário sobre o domínio das línguas. Os resultados sugerem que casais monoculturais e biculturais não diferem substancialmente na satisfação conjugal global. No entanto, os casais biculturais revelaram um maior grau de intimidade e também um maior grau de conflitos. Além disso, nos casais biculturais, verifica-se uma maior flexibilidade dos rituais familiares e culturais. Encontrámos uma maior diferença nos rituais familiares e culturais para os casais biculturais, que, no entanto, não constitui um factor de risco. Foi, ainda, registada uma maior ritualização e um maior significado atribuído aos rituais culturais como factores protectores mais pertinentes para os casais monoculturais. Os factores protectores identificados para os casais biculturais são: um maior significado atribuído aos rituais familiares, um maior acordo sobre a forma como se realizam os rituais familiares e culturais, e um maior domínio da língua materna do marido por parte da mulher. Os resultados apontam, também, para a existência de um papel preponderante da família de origem da mulher na transmissão dos rituais familiares. As diferenças encontradas entre cônjuges nativos e estrangeiros, independentemente do seu sexo, sugerem papéis assimétricos.
Despite the increasing prevalence of bicultural couples, remarkably little empirical literature exists on these couples. A first focus group study on 29 spouses in bicultural couples suggests that family rituals and language/ communication are considered the main issues as protective and risk factors. In a second study, we wanted to find out: a) if monocultural couples differ from bicultural couples regarding marital satisfaction and family rituals; b) which variables are related to marital satisfaction (protective factors); and c) how family rituals are transmitted from each family-of-origin. This study compares 278 monocultural couples with 146 bicultural couples, who completed questionnaires on family rituals and marital satisfaction. Bicultural couples also completed a questionnaire about language proficiency.The results suggest that monocultural and bicultural couples do not differ substantiallyon global marital satisfaction. However, bicultural couples show a higher level of intimacy and a higher level of conflicts. In addition, bicultural couples show a greater flexibility for family and cultural rituals. We found a larger difference in family and cultural rituals for bicultural couples that, however, does not constitute a risk factor for them. A higher ritualization and a higher meaning for cultural rituals were found to be the main protective factors for monocultural couples. The main protective factors for bicultural couples were a higher meaning for family rituals, a higher agreement on the way to carry out family and cultural rituals and the proficiency on husband native language by the wife. Our findings also indicate an important role for the wife's family-of-origin in the ritual transmission. Differences found between native and foreign spouses, despite their gender, suggest asymmetric roles that may influence the dynamics of bicultural couples.
Despite the increasing prevalence of bicultural couples, remarkably little empirical literature exists on these couples. A first focus group study on 29 spouses in bicultural couples suggests that family rituals and language/ communication are considered the main issues as protective and risk factors. In a second study, we wanted to find out: a) if monocultural couples differ from bicultural couples regarding marital satisfaction and family rituals; b) which variables are related to marital satisfaction (protective factors); and c) how family rituals are transmitted from each family-of-origin. This study compares 278 monocultural couples with 146 bicultural couples, who completed questionnaires on family rituals and marital satisfaction. Bicultural couples also completed a questionnaire about language proficiency.The results suggest that monocultural and bicultural couples do not differ substantiallyon global marital satisfaction. However, bicultural couples show a higher level of intimacy and a higher level of conflicts. In addition, bicultural couples show a greater flexibility for family and cultural rituals. We found a larger difference in family and cultural rituals for bicultural couples that, however, does not constitute a risk factor for them. A higher ritualization and a higher meaning for cultural rituals were found to be the main protective factors for monocultural couples. The main protective factors for bicultural couples were a higher meaning for family rituals, a higher agreement on the way to carry out family and cultural rituals and the proficiency on husband native language by the wife. Our findings also indicate an important role for the wife's family-of-origin in the ritual transmission. Differences found between native and foreign spouses, despite their gender, suggest asymmetric roles that may influence the dynamics of bicultural couples.
Descrição
Tese de doutoramento em Psicologia (Psicologia Social), apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa através da Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, 2008
Palavras-chave
Psicologia social Teses de doutoramento