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Aplicações de energia para o desenvolvimento de comunidades rurais
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A Guiné-Bissau (GB) ocupa a 176º posição, entre 182 países, no Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano. A taxa de pobreza ascende a 64,7 % da população. Num contexto politico-militar-económico volátil, este país tem sido assolado por consecutivos golpes de estado desde a sua independência, provocando instabilidade em todos os sectores da sociedade.
O consumo médio de energia primária é um dos principais indicadores de desenvolvimento de um país. A média mundial é de 1,81 tep/ano/pessoa, no entanto, na GB é apenas 0,12 tep/ano/pessoa, menos 93,4% da energia consumida, em média, por habitante no mundo.
A TESE-Engenheiros Sem Fronteiras, propôs-se contribuir de forma positiva e ativa para o desenvolvimento na Guiné Bissau através do melhoramento do acesso a energia, atuando de forma direta em Bambadinca, na região de Bafatá, onde 72,4% da população vive no limiar da pobreza, com menos de 2 USD/dia.
A ação concreta, o Programa Comunitário de Acesso a Energia Renovável (PCAER), consiste na criação de uma utility comunitária de exploração de um serviço de energia moderno e acessível aos 6.473 habitantes na vila de Bambadinca. Este engloba a capacitação de uma associação local guineense para gerir técnica e financeiramente a infraestrutura de produção e de distribuição de energia solar FV. A infraestrutura de produção será composta por uma Central Fotovoltaica Hibrida (CFH) e a distribuição de energia assegurada por uma Rede Elétrica de Baixa e Média Tensão (REB - Rede Elétrica Bambadinca).
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo principal elaborar o estudo técnico e caderno de encargos, para a construção da infraestrutura de produção de energia solar FV, a Central Fotovoltaica Hibrida de Bambadinca (CFH).
O trabalho descreve e caracteriza os principais fatores que condicionam o dimensionamento da CFH, tal como o seu funcionamento, tomando em consideração todos os fatores previstos de perdas ambientais e técnicos. O consumo energético foi projetado numa curva de carga a 10 anos, que é tomada como base para o dimensionamento. Uma vez que esta projecção está dependente de um número significativo de pressupostos, sobretudo envolvendo aspectos comportamentais da população, facilmente ocorrerão no futuro desvios relativamente ao esperado. Nos estudos são abordados as condicionantes de interoperacionalidade e compatibilidade com a REB, a solução orgânica/funcional da CFH e os seus subsistemas.
Como resultado deste estudo foram elaboradas as peças escritas e desenhadas que constituíram o caderno de encargos para o concurso público internacional de fornecimento e construção da CFH.
Guinea-Bissau (GB) occupies the 176th place among 182 countries in the Human Development Index. Its poverty rate stands at 64.7% of the population. In a political-military-economic volatile context, this country has been plagued by successive coups since independence, provoking instability in all sectors of society. The average consumption of primary energy is a key indicator of a country's development. The world average is 1.81 tep/year/person, however, in GB is only 0.12 tep/year/person, least 93.4% of the energy consumed on average per inhabitant in the world. TESE-ESF proposed to contribute positively and actively, to the development, by improving access to energy, acting directly in Bambadinca, in Bafatá region, where 72.4% of the population lives below the poverty threshold, on less than 2 USD/day. The concrete action, the Programme of Community Access to Renewable Energy (PCAER), consists in the creation of a community utility that operates a modern and affordable energy service to the 6,473 inhabitants of Bambadinca village. This includes the training of a local Guinea association to technically and financially manage the infrastructure for production and distribution of PV solar energy. The production infrastructure is composed of a Hybrid Photovoltaic Power Plant (CFH) and distribution of energy provided by a Grid of Low and Medium Voltage (REB). This study aimed to prepare the technical study and specifications for construction of the infrastructure for production of PV solar energy, the Photovoltaic Hybrid Power Plant (CFH). The work describes and characterizes, the main factors that affect the sizing of CFH, as its operation, taking into account all environmental and technical losses expected. The energy consumption was projected on a load curve for 10 years, which is taken as basis for sizing. However, due to the amount and nature of human assumptions for its construction, it is expected that this will evolve into a different seasonal and annual configuration. The conditions for interoperability and compatibility with the REB were studied and discussed, as well the organic solution of the CFH and its subsystems. As a result of this work the written pieces, technical drawings and schematics were produced and integrated the specifications for the international tender for the supply and construction of CFH.
Guinea-Bissau (GB) occupies the 176th place among 182 countries in the Human Development Index. Its poverty rate stands at 64.7% of the population. In a political-military-economic volatile context, this country has been plagued by successive coups since independence, provoking instability in all sectors of society. The average consumption of primary energy is a key indicator of a country's development. The world average is 1.81 tep/year/person, however, in GB is only 0.12 tep/year/person, least 93.4% of the energy consumed on average per inhabitant in the world. TESE-ESF proposed to contribute positively and actively, to the development, by improving access to energy, acting directly in Bambadinca, in Bafatá region, where 72.4% of the population lives below the poverty threshold, on less than 2 USD/day. The concrete action, the Programme of Community Access to Renewable Energy (PCAER), consists in the creation of a community utility that operates a modern and affordable energy service to the 6,473 inhabitants of Bambadinca village. This includes the training of a local Guinea association to technically and financially manage the infrastructure for production and distribution of PV solar energy. The production infrastructure is composed of a Hybrid Photovoltaic Power Plant (CFH) and distribution of energy provided by a Grid of Low and Medium Voltage (REB). This study aimed to prepare the technical study and specifications for construction of the infrastructure for production of PV solar energy, the Photovoltaic Hybrid Power Plant (CFH). The work describes and characterizes, the main factors that affect the sizing of CFH, as its operation, taking into account all environmental and technical losses expected. The energy consumption was projected on a load curve for 10 years, which is taken as basis for sizing. However, due to the amount and nature of human assumptions for its construction, it is expected that this will evolve into a different seasonal and annual configuration. The conditions for interoperability and compatibility with the REB were studied and discussed, as well the organic solution of the CFH and its subsystems. As a result of this work the written pieces, technical drawings and schematics were produced and integrated the specifications for the international tender for the supply and construction of CFH.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado integrado em Engenharia da Energia e do Ambiente , apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2013
Palavras-chave
Electrificação rural Energia solar FV Central fotovoltaica híbrida Guiné-Bissau Bambadinca Teses de mestrado - 2013