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Abstract(s)
As plantas medicinais e as preparações à base de plantas são utilizadas na psiquiatria desde há muitos anos, sendo, inclusive, a prática terapêutica mais antiga. Face ao aumento da prevalência nos últimos 20 anos destas doenças, muitas vezes, incapacitantes, tem-se observado uma procura crescente deste tipo de medicamentos como alternativas terapêuticas, para evitar ou protelar a introdução de uma terapêutica sintética e potencialmente mais agressiva. A par desta procura, o número de estudos científicos que envolvem plantas medicinais cujos efeitos são já conhecidos tradicionalmente, mas para as quais há, ainda, necessidade de comprovar a eficácia e garantir a segurança do seu uso, aumentou.
A presente monografia tem como objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento da utilidade das plantas medicinais na psiquiatria, identificar as plantas medicinais com monografia elaborada pela EMA, assim como rever e atualizar a literatura relativa a ensaios clínicos recentes e relevantes realizados com estas plantas e com outras identificadas por pesquisa bibliográfica. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos procedeu-se à pesquisa bibliográfica na página da EMA e nas bases de dados PubMed e Web of Science nos últimos 23 anos, utilizando a metodologia PRISMA. Foram identificadas 17 monografias da EMA respeitantes a plantas medicinais e/ou preparações de utilização tradicional e/ou uso bem estabelecido com indicação terapêutica no tratamento do stress mental e perturbações de humor, entre as quais se destacam a erva de São João e a Valeriana. Por pesquisa nas bases de dados, foram identificados ensaios clínicos relativos a 3 plantas medicinais ou preparações à base destas plantas não constantes da EMA, mas com potencial uso terapêutico na psiquiatria - Terminalia chebula, fructus; kava-kava, rhizoma et radix e Cannabis sativa, aetheroleum et flos et folium.
Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que as plantas medicinais são úteis para tratamento de doenças psiquiátricas, complementando as abordagens terapêuticas existentes e oferecendo novas alternativas, quando utilizadas sob forma de formulações farmacêuticas dotadas de qualidade e segurança e administradas sob a orientação de profissionais de saúde qualificados. Mais e melhor investigação na área é necessária, de forma a colmatar a carência de informação e explorar plenamente o potencial terapêutico das plantas medicinais identificadas.
Medicinal plants and herbal preparations have been used in psychiatry for many years, stated as being the oldest therapeutic practice. Given the increase in the prevalence of these often disabling illnesses over the last 20 years, there has been a growing demand for this type of medicine as a therapeutic alternative, in order to avoid or delay the introduction of synthetic and potentially more aggressive therapy. Alongside this demand, the number of scientific studies involving medicinal plants, whose effects are already traditionally known, but for which there is still a need to prove efficacy and guarantee the safety of their use, has increased. The aim of this monograph is to contribute to the knowledge of the usefulness of medicinal plants in psychiatry, to identify medicinal plants with a monograph elaborated by the EMA, and to review and update the literature on recent and relevant clinical trials carried out with these plants and others identified by bibliographic research. To achieve the proposed objectives, a bibliographic search was carried out on the EMA website and in the PubMed and Web of Science databases over the last 23 years, using the PRISMA methodology. Seventeen EMA monographs were identified on medicinal plants and/or preparations with traditional and/or well-established use with therapeutic indications for the treatment of mental stress and mood disorders, including St. John's wort and Valerian. By searching the databases, clinical trials were identified for 3 medicinal plants or preparations based on these plants not listed in the EMA, but with potential therapeutic use in psychiatry - Terminalia chebula, fruit; kava-kava, rhizome and Cannabis sativa, flower and leaf. The results obtained lead us to conclude that medicinal plants are useful for treating psychiatric illnesses, complementing existing therapeutic approaches and offering new alternatives, when used in the form of quality and safe pharmaceutical formulations and administered under the guidance of qualified health professionals. More and better research in this area is still needed in order to make up for the lack of information and fully exploit the therapeutic potential of the medicinal plants identified.
Medicinal plants and herbal preparations have been used in psychiatry for many years, stated as being the oldest therapeutic practice. Given the increase in the prevalence of these often disabling illnesses over the last 20 years, there has been a growing demand for this type of medicine as a therapeutic alternative, in order to avoid or delay the introduction of synthetic and potentially more aggressive therapy. Alongside this demand, the number of scientific studies involving medicinal plants, whose effects are already traditionally known, but for which there is still a need to prove efficacy and guarantee the safety of their use, has increased. The aim of this monograph is to contribute to the knowledge of the usefulness of medicinal plants in psychiatry, to identify medicinal plants with a monograph elaborated by the EMA, and to review and update the literature on recent and relevant clinical trials carried out with these plants and others identified by bibliographic research. To achieve the proposed objectives, a bibliographic search was carried out on the EMA website and in the PubMed and Web of Science databases over the last 23 years, using the PRISMA methodology. Seventeen EMA monographs were identified on medicinal plants and/or preparations with traditional and/or well-established use with therapeutic indications for the treatment of mental stress and mood disorders, including St. John's wort and Valerian. By searching the databases, clinical trials were identified for 3 medicinal plants or preparations based on these plants not listed in the EMA, but with potential therapeutic use in psychiatry - Terminalia chebula, fruit; kava-kava, rhizome and Cannabis sativa, flower and leaf. The results obtained lead us to conclude that medicinal plants are useful for treating psychiatric illnesses, complementing existing therapeutic approaches and offering new alternatives, when used in the form of quality and safe pharmaceutical formulations and administered under the guidance of qualified health professionals. More and better research in this area is still needed in order to make up for the lack of information and fully exploit the therapeutic potential of the medicinal plants identified.
Description
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Keywords
Ensaios clínicos Perturbações do humor Planta medicinal Psiquiatria Stress mental Mestrado Integrado - 2023