A carregar...
Publicação
Doença aterosclerótica – prevenção e terapêutica
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.03 MB | Adobe PDF |
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A Doença Aterosclerótica é uma doença progressiva crónica e é a principal causa de mortalidade e morbilidade cardiovascular em todo o mundo. Caracteriza-se pela formação de uma placa a nível da parede arterial que resulta no estreitamento e enrijecimento dos vasos sanguíneos em questão. Devido ao seu impacto marcado a nível da saúde global os tratamentos e estratégias de prevenção são de importância maior.
A gestão da Doença Aterosclerótica foca-se essencialmente em dois aspetos chave: intervenção farmacológica e modificações no estilo de vida. A intervenção farmacológica desempenha um papel crucial na prevenção e progressão da doença e das complicações associadas. As estatinas, que diminuem os níveis de colesterol são o pilar da farmacoterapia na gestão da Doença Aterosclerótica. Outros medicamentos como os anti-agregantes plaquetários, anti-hipertensores e novos agentes hipolipemiantes como os inibidores PCSK9 também são utilizados para combater fatores de risco específicos e diminuir os eventos cardiovasculares.
Além da terapêutica farmacológica, as modificações no estilo de vida constituem uma componente essencial na gestão da Doença Aterosclerótica. A prática regular de exercício físico, uma dieta saudável e a cessação tabágica são fortemente recomendadas. Estas medidas ajudam a controlar a pressão arterial, melhorar o perfil lipídico e a manter a saúde cardiovascular global. Nos últimos anos, surgiram modalidades terapêuticas que têm mostrado resultados promissores no tratamento da aterosclerose. Estas incluem a utilização de anticorpos monoclonais que têm como alvo citocinas pró-inflamatórias como a interleucina-1 e a interleucina-6, e ainda as novas terapêuticas genéticas destinadas a alterar o metabolismo lipídico e reduzir o impacto da placa de ateroma. A prevenção da Doença Aterosclerótica começa com a identificação e modificação dos fatores de risco como hipertensão, dislipidemia, Diabetes Mellitus, obesidade e tabagismo.
A gestão eficaz da Doença Aterosclerótica requere uma abordagem multifacetada que combina terapêutica farmacológica e alterações no estilo de vida. A investigação contínua e os esforços colaborativos são necessários para melhorar as estratégias existentes e desenvolver opções inovadoras para a prevenção e tratamento desta complexa patologia.
Atherosclerosis, a chronic and progressive disease, is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is characterized by the formation of plaque within arterial walls, resulting in narrowing and hardening of the affected blood vessels. Given its significant impact on global health, effective treatment and prevention strategies are of paramount importance. The management of atherosclerosis essentially focuses on two key aspects: medical interventions and lifestyle modifications. Pharmacological interventions play a crucial role in preventing disease progression and reducing associated complications. Statins, which lower cholesterol levels, are the cornerstone of pharmacotherapy in atherosclerosis management. Other medications such as antiplatelet agents, antihypertensive drugs, and novel lipid-lowering agents, including PCSK9 inhibitors, are also employed to target specific risk factors and reduce cardiovascular events. Alongside medication, lifestyle modifications form an essential component of atherosclerosis management. Regular exercise, a healthy diet and smoking cessation are strongly recommended. These measures help control blood pressure, improve lipid profiles, and maintain overall cardiovascular health. In recent years, emerging therapeutic modalities have shown promise in atherosclerosis treatment. These include the use of monoclonal antibodies targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β and interleukin-6, as well as novel gene therapies aimed at altering lipid metabolism and reducing plaque burden. Prevention of atherosclerosis starts with identifying and addressing risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, Diabetes Mellitus, obesity, and smoking. Effective management of atherosclerosis requires a multifaceted approach that combines pharmacological interventions and lifestyle modifications. Continued research and collaborative efforts are necessary to refine existing strategies and develop innovative solutions for the prevention and treatment of this complex disease.
Atherosclerosis, a chronic and progressive disease, is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is characterized by the formation of plaque within arterial walls, resulting in narrowing and hardening of the affected blood vessels. Given its significant impact on global health, effective treatment and prevention strategies are of paramount importance. The management of atherosclerosis essentially focuses on two key aspects: medical interventions and lifestyle modifications. Pharmacological interventions play a crucial role in preventing disease progression and reducing associated complications. Statins, which lower cholesterol levels, are the cornerstone of pharmacotherapy in atherosclerosis management. Other medications such as antiplatelet agents, antihypertensive drugs, and novel lipid-lowering agents, including PCSK9 inhibitors, are also employed to target specific risk factors and reduce cardiovascular events. Alongside medication, lifestyle modifications form an essential component of atherosclerosis management. Regular exercise, a healthy diet and smoking cessation are strongly recommended. These measures help control blood pressure, improve lipid profiles, and maintain overall cardiovascular health. In recent years, emerging therapeutic modalities have shown promise in atherosclerosis treatment. These include the use of monoclonal antibodies targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β and interleukin-6, as well as novel gene therapies aimed at altering lipid metabolism and reducing plaque burden. Prevention of atherosclerosis starts with identifying and addressing risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, Diabetes Mellitus, obesity, and smoking. Effective management of atherosclerosis requires a multifaceted approach that combines pharmacological interventions and lifestyle modifications. Continued research and collaborative efforts are necessary to refine existing strategies and develop innovative solutions for the prevention and treatment of this complex disease.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
Doença aterosclerótica Estatinas Prevenção Hipertensão Mestrado Integrado - 2023