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O acesso a medicamentos inovadores é uma prioridade dos doentes e dos profissionais de saúde quando não existem alternativas terapêuticas. No contexto europeu, a equidade de acesso a estes medicamentos tem vindo a ser explorada devido à disparidade entre países. Este trabalho tem como objetivo discernir as razões pelas quais Portugal apresenta um atraso na introdução de medicamentos inovadores, relativamente aos restantes Estados-membros da União Europeia. Para tal, focar-se-á nas diferentes etapas que levam ao acesso a medicamentos inovadores, nomeadamente após a Autorização de Introdução no Mercado através do procedimento centralizado pela Agência Europeia do Medicamento. Os constrangimentos económicos e a necessidade de assegurar a sustentabilidade do Serviço Nacional de Saúde explicam, em parte, este atraso. Por vezes surgem terapêuticas que alteram drasticamente o curso da história natural da doença, com um grande impacto de Saúde Pública, obrigando a sua disponibilização, ou seja, a sua comparticipação. Esta missão decorre da aplicação dos princípios éticos igualitário e utilitarista. Desta forma, o segundo objetivo é descrever e analisar os mecanismos de diferentes países para controlar as despesas em saúde ao mesmo tempo que disponibilizam terapêuticas inovadoras aos seus cidadãos, como os Managed Entry Agreements. Metodologicamente, é feito um enquadramento legal europeu e nacional e uma revisão da literatura utilizando a base de dados PubMed, os relatórios redigidos pela OCDE, EFPIA, Apifarma e Observatório Português dos Sistemas de Saúde. Os resultados apresentam-se sob a forma de recomendações para o processo de avaliação de tecnologias de saúde português, das quais se sublinham a necessidade de atualizar e publicar normas de orientação clínica, a criação de uma lista de prioridades em saúde, a adaptação da referenciação externa de preços, o alinhamento europeu dos critérios de ATS e a introdução célere de fármacos “me-too”.
Access to innovative medicines is a priority for patients and healthcare professionals when there are no therapeutic alternatives. In the European context, equity of access to these medicines has been explored due to the disparity between countries. This work aims to discern the reasons why Portugal has a delay in the introduction of innovative medicines, compared to the other Member States of the European Union. To this end, it will focus on the different steps that lead to access to innovative medicines, namely after the Marketing Authorization through the centralized procedure by the European Medicines Agency. Economic constraints and the need to ensure the sustainability of the National Health Service partly explain this delay. Therapies that drastically change the course of the natural history of the disease sometimes emerge, with a major impact on public health, requiring their availability, i.e. their reimbursement. This mission stems from the application of egalitarian and utilitarian ethical principles. Thus, the second objective is to describe and analyze the mechanisms of different countries to control health expenditure while making innovative therapies available to their citizens, such as Managed Entry Agreements. Methodologically, a European and national legal framework and a literature review were carried out using the PubMed database, reports written by the OECD, EFPIA, Apifarma and the Portuguese Observatory of Health Systems. The results are presented in the form of recommendations for the Portuguese health technology assessment process, which highlight the need to update and publish clinical guidelines, the creation of a list of health priorities, the adaptation of external price referencing, the European alignment of HTA criteria and the rapid introduction of "me-too" drugs.
Access to innovative medicines is a priority for patients and healthcare professionals when there are no therapeutic alternatives. In the European context, equity of access to these medicines has been explored due to the disparity between countries. This work aims to discern the reasons why Portugal has a delay in the introduction of innovative medicines, compared to the other Member States of the European Union. To this end, it will focus on the different steps that lead to access to innovative medicines, namely after the Marketing Authorization through the centralized procedure by the European Medicines Agency. Economic constraints and the need to ensure the sustainability of the National Health Service partly explain this delay. Therapies that drastically change the course of the natural history of the disease sometimes emerge, with a major impact on public health, requiring their availability, i.e. their reimbursement. This mission stems from the application of egalitarian and utilitarian ethical principles. Thus, the second objective is to describe and analyze the mechanisms of different countries to control health expenditure while making innovative therapies available to their citizens, such as Managed Entry Agreements. Methodologically, a European and national legal framework and a literature review were carried out using the PubMed database, reports written by the OECD, EFPIA, Apifarma and the Portuguese Observatory of Health Systems. The results are presented in the form of recommendations for the Portuguese health technology assessment process, which highlight the need to update and publish clinical guidelines, the creation of a list of health priorities, the adaptation of external price referencing, the European alignment of HTA criteria and the rapid introduction of "me-too" drugs.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2023
Palavras-chave
Managed entry agreements Medicamentos inovadores Acesso ao mercado Infarmed Avaliação de tecnologias de saúde
