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Esta tese busca identificar elementos capazes de orientar a tarefa de decidir um caso concreto com fundamento em um acórdão uniformizador de jurisprudência. Segundo a legislação portuguesa, o Supremo Tribunal de Justiça previne ou elimina divergências na jurisprudência por meio desse tipo especial de decisão. A doutrina e o próprio Supremo Tribunal de Justiça reconhecem que, além dessa função, os acórdãos uniformizadores também servem como paradigmas decisórios para decisões futuras acerca de casos análogos, ou seja, tais acórdãos constituem, ou podem constituir, critérios para decidir. No estudo das decisões judiciais, a teoria jurídica se ocupa não apenas de descrever o fenômeno decisório, mas também de prescrever o modo como os juízes devem decidir. Nesse âmbito, muitos teóricos do Direito apontam a relevância dos precedentes para as tomadas de decisão futuras. De outro lado, é fato que as instituições jurídicas se estruturam para promover a uniformidade, a harmonia e a coerência na jurisprudência, sendo um reflexo desse eixo de preocupações o avanço dos estudos sobre a figura dos precedentes nos sistemas de direito escrito. O consenso que há nesses estudos é o de que, em um sentido bem específico, pode-se falar em precedentes no civil law. Para se compreender o sentido de um acórdão uniformizador de jurisprudência, deve-se visualizar essa decisão por uma perspectiva funcional, que leve em conta a sua finalidade. O estudo da interpretação das sentenças, dos contratos e das leis mostra que esses institutos jurídicos são interpretados de acordo com as suas finalidades específicas. Se os acórdãos uniformizadores têm uma função diversa, segue-se que a sua interpretação deve obedecer a critérios também diversos.
This thesis aims to identify guiding elements for the task of deciding a specific case based on a uniform appellate decision. According to Portuguese law, the Federal Supreme Court prevents or eliminates divergences in case-law by means of this special type of decision. The doctrine and the Federal Supreme Court itself recognize that, in addition to this function, uniform appellate decision also serve as decision paradigms for future decisions about analogous cases, that is, such judicial decision constitute, or may constitute, criteria for deciding. In the study of judicial decisions, legal theory is concerned not only with describing the decision making phenomenon, but also with prescribing how judges must decide. In this context, many legal theorists point out the relevance of precedents for future decision making. On the other hand, it is a fact that legal institutions are structured to promote uniformity, harmony and coherence in appellate decision, with a reflection of this axis of concerns the advance of studies on the figure of precedents in written law systems. The consensus in these studies is that, in a very specific sense, one can speak of precedents incivil law. In order to understand the meaning of a uniform appellate decision, this decision must be viewed from a functional perspective, which takes into account its purpose. The study of the interpretation of judgments, contracts and laws shows that these legal institutes are interpreted according to their specific purposes. If the uniform appellate decision have a different function, it is understood that they must be interpreted according to different criteria.
This thesis aims to identify guiding elements for the task of deciding a specific case based on a uniform appellate decision. According to Portuguese law, the Federal Supreme Court prevents or eliminates divergences in case-law by means of this special type of decision. The doctrine and the Federal Supreme Court itself recognize that, in addition to this function, uniform appellate decision also serve as decision paradigms for future decisions about analogous cases, that is, such judicial decision constitute, or may constitute, criteria for deciding. In the study of judicial decisions, legal theory is concerned not only with describing the decision making phenomenon, but also with prescribing how judges must decide. In this context, many legal theorists point out the relevance of precedents for future decision making. On the other hand, it is a fact that legal institutions are structured to promote uniformity, harmony and coherence in appellate decision, with a reflection of this axis of concerns the advance of studies on the figure of precedents in written law systems. The consensus in these studies is that, in a very specific sense, one can speak of precedents incivil law. In order to understand the meaning of a uniform appellate decision, this decision must be viewed from a functional perspective, which takes into account its purpose. The study of the interpretation of judgments, contracts and laws shows that these legal institutes are interpreted according to their specific purposes. If the uniform appellate decision have a different function, it is understood that they must be interpreted according to different criteria.
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Keywords
Jurisprudência Interpretação jurídica Decisão judicial Uniformização jurisprudencial Tribunais superiores Case-law Legal interpretation Judicial decision Uniform appellate decision Higher courts