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Os muçulmanos na Península Ibérica. Fath al-Andalus : da invasão à conquista (702-756)
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Resumo(s)
Numa segunda-feira, dia 5 do mês de Rayab do ano de 92 da Hégira (2 de maio de 711), Tariq ibn Zyad, wali (governador) do Magrebe, dava início a uma operação militar anfíbia, que, a partir de Ceuta, levou até à baía de Algeciras, mais precisamente até ao promontório renomeado Jabal al-Tariq, cerca de 12 000 homens.
Esta operação terá terminado mais de um mês depois, a 16 de Chaban (12 de junho de 711), data da chegada dos últimos combatentes, e do próprio wali, consolidado já o domínio da zona de Algeciras.
Este lapso temporal terá permitido o estado de alerta e alguma resposta, ainda que tímida, das tropas visigodas estacionadas na região.
Em meados de junho de 711 um significativo contingente de guerreiros berberes, enquadrados por um número reduzido de árabes, devassava já as proximidades do seu acampamento de partida, em ações exploratórias para aquilo que estava por fazer: a (quase total) conquista da Hispânia Goda.
Este é o ponto de partida de Ahmed Tahiri, um dos inúmeros investigadores que se ocuparam deste processo, que transformou para sempre a face da Península Ibérica: a conquista do Algarve, em meados do século XIII, e do reino de Granada, no final do século XV, em contextos político-militares, põem fim a muitos séculos de presença muçulmana, primeiro para o reino de Portugal, depois para Aragão e Castela; toda a história da Idade Média peninsular está embebida de aspetos islâmicos, que deixaram a sua impressão na língua, na arquitetura, na organização social, na agricultura.
On a Monday, the 5th of the Rayab month of the year 92 of the Hégira (May 711 AD), Tariq ibn Zyad, emir of the Maghreb, started an amphibious military operation from Ceuta, which led to the bay of Algeciras, more precisely until the promontory renamed Jabal al-Tariq, about 12 000 men. This operation will have ended more than a month later, on the 16th of chaban, a Saturday, the date of the arrival of the last combatants, and of the emir himself, already consolidating the domain of the Algeciras zone. This time lapse will have allowed the alertness and some response, albeit timid, of the Visigoth troops stationed in the region. In June 711 A.D., a significant contingent of Berber warriors, framed by a small number of Arabs, was already searching the vicinity of their departure camp, in exploratory actions for what was yet to be done: the (almost total) conquest of Goth Hispania. This is Tahiri, amoung outhers, starting point for a process that has forever transformed the face of the Iberian Peninsula; the conquest of the Algarve, in the middle of the 13th century, and the kingdom of Granada, at the end of the 15th century, in political-military contexts, put an end to many centuries of Muslim presence, first for the kingdom of Portugal, then for Aragon and Castile ; the entire history of the peninsular Middle Ages is steeped in Islamic aspects, which left their impression on language, architecture, social organization, agriculture ... always with a sword in hand ... Are we talking about invasion or conquest? And the necessary military operations, which played a role in this intricate election, carried out during the first decade of the Muslims' arrival in the Iberian Peninsula, which was rapidly becoming al-Andalus.
On a Monday, the 5th of the Rayab month of the year 92 of the Hégira (May 711 AD), Tariq ibn Zyad, emir of the Maghreb, started an amphibious military operation from Ceuta, which led to the bay of Algeciras, more precisely until the promontory renamed Jabal al-Tariq, about 12 000 men. This operation will have ended more than a month later, on the 16th of chaban, a Saturday, the date of the arrival of the last combatants, and of the emir himself, already consolidating the domain of the Algeciras zone. This time lapse will have allowed the alertness and some response, albeit timid, of the Visigoth troops stationed in the region. In June 711 A.D., a significant contingent of Berber warriors, framed by a small number of Arabs, was already searching the vicinity of their departure camp, in exploratory actions for what was yet to be done: the (almost total) conquest of Goth Hispania. This is Tahiri, amoung outhers, starting point for a process that has forever transformed the face of the Iberian Peninsula; the conquest of the Algarve, in the middle of the 13th century, and the kingdom of Granada, at the end of the 15th century, in political-military contexts, put an end to many centuries of Muslim presence, first for the kingdom of Portugal, then for Aragon and Castile ; the entire history of the peninsular Middle Ages is steeped in Islamic aspects, which left their impression on language, architecture, social organization, agriculture ... always with a sword in hand ... Are we talking about invasion or conquest? And the necessary military operations, which played a role in this intricate election, carried out during the first decade of the Muslims' arrival in the Iberian Peninsula, which was rapidly becoming al-Andalus.