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Atração de estudantes Internacionais: cenário, direcionadores e política pública
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Entre as tipologias de imigrantes, os estudantes internacionais são os que mais crescem
em números relativos. Nessa medida, o objetivo desse estudo é determinar os
direcionadores que levam países a atraírem estudantes internacionais para os seus
sistemas de educação superior, as metas desse estudo foram: compreender se há uma
correlação entre a atração de estudantes internacionais pelos sistemas nacionais de
educação superior e a posição que cada país ocupa no Sistema Mundo; mensurar o poder
de atratividade de um grupo de países sobre os estudantes internacionais e identificar os
principais determinantes dessa atratividade e comparar os arranjos de governanças do
Brasil, França e Portugal para atrair estudantes para as suas instituições de ensino
superior. A partir dos dados disponibilizados pela UNESCO, posicionou-se os países em
um dos 3 estratos do Sistema-Mundo, estimou-se uma equação de gravidade para
entender quais são os principais direcionadores de atratividades de estudantes
internacionais e, por meio de entrevistas, documentos e dados institucionais
compreendeu-se como é composta a estrutura de governança de cada país da amostra.
Com base na quantidade de estudantes internacionais, os países centrais do Capitalismo
atraem em torno de 70% desses migrantes, os semiperiféricos atraem, aproximadamente,
20% e os periféricos, em torno de 10%. Países que têm um sistema de educação superior
estruturado, ex-metrópole colonial e que tenham política pública de atração de estudantes
têm alta atratividade sobre estudantes de qualquer parte do globo. A estratégia da França
é aumentar a quantidade de estudantes internacionais para consolidar sua posição de
potência política e econômica, a estratégia de Portugal é contribuir com o financiamento
do sistema nacional de ensino superior e o Brasil não tem uma estratégia de atração de
estudantes internacionais. O estudo mostrou que há uma correlação entre atração de
estudantes internacionais, políticas públicas e desenvolvimento econômico.
Among the typologies of immigrants, international students are the ones that grow the most in relative numbers. To that extent, the objective of this study is to understand the reasons that direct countries to attract international students to their higher education systems, the goals of this study were: to understand if there is a relationship between the attraction of international students by national systems of higher education and the position that each country occupies in the World System; measure the attractiveness power of a group of countries on international students and identify the main determinants of this attractiveness and compare the governance arrangements of Brazil, France and Portugal to attract students to their higher education institutions. From the data provided by UNESCO, the countries were positioned in one of the 3 strata of the World System, a gravity equation was estimated to understand what are the main drivers of attractiveness of international students and through interviews, documents and institutional data, it was understood how the governance structure of each country in the sample is composed. and iv peripherals, around 10%. Countries that have a structured higher education system, ex colonial metropolis and that have a public policy to attract students are highly attractive to students from any part of the globe. France's strategy is to increase the number of international students to consolidate its position as a political and economic power, Portugal's strategy is to contribute to the financing of the national higher education system and Brazil does not have a strategy to attract international students. The study showed that there is a correlation between international student attraction, public policy and economic development.
Among the typologies of immigrants, international students are the ones that grow the most in relative numbers. To that extent, the objective of this study is to understand the reasons that direct countries to attract international students to their higher education systems, the goals of this study were: to understand if there is a relationship between the attraction of international students by national systems of higher education and the position that each country occupies in the World System; measure the attractiveness power of a group of countries on international students and identify the main determinants of this attractiveness and compare the governance arrangements of Brazil, France and Portugal to attract students to their higher education institutions. From the data provided by UNESCO, the countries were positioned in one of the 3 strata of the World System, a gravity equation was estimated to understand what are the main drivers of attractiveness of international students and through interviews, documents and institutional data, it was understood how the governance structure of each country in the sample is composed. and iv peripherals, around 10%. Countries that have a structured higher education system, ex colonial metropolis and that have a public policy to attract students are highly attractive to students from any part of the globe. France's strategy is to increase the number of international students to consolidate its position as a political and economic power, Portugal's strategy is to contribute to the financing of the national higher education system and Brazil does not have a strategy to attract international students. The study showed that there is a correlation between international student attraction, public policy and economic development.
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Migrações Políticas públicas Estudantes internacionais Sistema mundo Direcionadores