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The beneficial role of physical activity in SARS-CoV-2 infection : a systematic review of literature
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Esta revisão sistemática pretendeu identificar, resumir e sistematizar a evidência científica disponível acerca da relação entre a atividade física (AF) contínua e moderada antes da infeção por SARS-CoV-2 e a sua potencial influência na incidência e severidade da doença COVID-19. Para responder a este objetivo, utilizámos três bases de dados eletrónicas (PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science) para identificar artigos empíricos originais que avaliassem a influência da atividade (ou inatividade) física na severidade da infeção e/ou incidência da doença na população adulta, de acordo com as Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Os dois principais resultados avaliados foram a incidência e gravidade da doença, tendo esta última sido dividida em seis resultados secundários: sintomas, taxa de hospitalização, suporte respiratório, tempo de internamento, internamentos em unidades de cuidados intensivos e mortalidade. Avaliámos o risco de viés dos artigos incluídos utilizando a escala Newcastle-Ottawa. Dos 2930 estudos encontrados, selecionámos 13 para realizar esta revisão. Constatámos que ser fisicamente ativo antes da infeção por SARS-CoV-2 tende a resultar numa redução geral do risco de novos casos de infeção, risco de hospitalização e duração do internamento, admissão em unidades de cuidados intensivos e mortalidade. Em relação aos sintomas e suporte respiratório, os resultados encontrados foram parcialmente inconclusivos. As limitações do nosso estudo abrangem também as limitações dos estudos incluídos, nomeadamente os diferentes limites e métodos de avaliação da AF e a qualidade moderada dos mesmos. A natureza recente da pandemia limitou também o número de estudos longitudinais que conseguimos incluir. Podemos concluir que existe evidência de uma associação benéfica entre a AF e a infeção por SARS-CoV-2, em diversos aspetos, ainda que os mecanismos por trás da mesma não sejam conhecidos. Deste modo, seria aconselhável haver um maior incentivo à população para aumentar o seu nível de AF.
This systematic review intends to identify, summarize, and systematize the scientific evidence regarding the relation between continuous and moderate physical activity (PA) before the SARS-CoV-2 infection and its role in the incidence and severity of COVID-19. To achieve this goal, three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were used to identify original peer-reviewed articles that evaluated the influence of PA (or physical inactivity) on the infection’s severity or incidence of the disease in the adult population, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA guidelines). The two main defined outcomes were disease incidence and severity, which was then divided into six secondary outcomes: symptoms, hospitalization, respiratory support, length of hospital stay, intensive care unit admission and mortality. We evaluated the risk of bias of the included articles using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Out of the 2930 initial studies, we selected 13 to conduct this systematic review. It was found that being physically active tends to result in an overall reduced risk of new cases of COVID-19, hospitalization risk and duration of stay, intensive care unit admission and mortality. Regarding symptoms and respiratory support, the results we found were partly inconclusive. The limitations in our study also include the limitations of different studies included, namely the difference between the limits and evaluation methods of PA and the moderate quality of the studies. The recent nature of the pandemic also limits the number of longitudinal studies that we could include.We can conclude that there is evidence of a relevant relation between PA and SARS-CoV-2 infection, although the various mechanisms behind it are not yet established. However, there should be a greater incentive to the population to become more physically active.
This systematic review intends to identify, summarize, and systematize the scientific evidence regarding the relation between continuous and moderate physical activity (PA) before the SARS-CoV-2 infection and its role in the incidence and severity of COVID-19. To achieve this goal, three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were used to identify original peer-reviewed articles that evaluated the influence of PA (or physical inactivity) on the infection’s severity or incidence of the disease in the adult population, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA guidelines). The two main defined outcomes were disease incidence and severity, which was then divided into six secondary outcomes: symptoms, hospitalization, respiratory support, length of hospital stay, intensive care unit admission and mortality. We evaluated the risk of bias of the included articles using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Out of the 2930 initial studies, we selected 13 to conduct this systematic review. It was found that being physically active tends to result in an overall reduced risk of new cases of COVID-19, hospitalization risk and duration of stay, intensive care unit admission and mortality. Regarding symptoms and respiratory support, the results we found were partly inconclusive. The limitations in our study also include the limitations of different studies included, namely the difference between the limits and evaluation methods of PA and the moderate quality of the studies. The recent nature of the pandemic also limits the number of longitudinal studies that we could include.We can conclude that there is evidence of a relevant relation between PA and SARS-CoV-2 infection, although the various mechanisms behind it are not yet established. However, there should be a greater incentive to the population to become more physically active.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2022
Palavras-chave
Exercício físico COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Gravidade da doença Incidência Pneumologia