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Abstract(s)
A Pneumónica foi uma doença que dizimou milhões de pessoas por todo o mundo entre
1918 e 1919, sendo considerada como a enfermidade mais letal de todos os tempos. Com
origens ainda obscuras, e desenvolvendo-se em três vagas, a Pneumónica ceifou cerca de 100
milhões de vidas. Nada conseguia parar o vírus Influenza H1N1, que infetou 500 milhões de
pessoas, aproximadamente um terço da população mundial em 1918. Diferente de todas as
doenças anteriormente registadas, a gripe que o mundo designou de “espanhola” parece não ter
tido problemas em atingir, essencialmente, jovens e adultos em idade ativa.
Cem anos volvidos, em dezembro de 2019, a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), é
notificada sobre a existência de surtos de pneumonia não explicados em Wuhan, na China. Em
março de 2020, a COVID-19 é declarada pandemia mundial tendo, até maio de 2022, provocado
quase 530 milhões de infetados, de que resultaram cerca de 6 milhões de mortos por todo o
mundo, tendo como principais alvos os idosos e os mais debilitados por outras doenças.
No início do século XX, Portugal, um país saído de um surto de peste bubónica, que
sobressaltou os governantes e obrigou à implementação de reformas na saúde, vê o seu regime
monárquico, já muito fragilizado por motivos de política nacional e internacional e vulnerável
pelos muitos escândalos que lhe eram apontados, sucumbir perante uma República que veio a
revelar-se igualmente incapaz de resolver os problemas políticos, sociais e económicos, e que
acaba por mergulhar numa forte crise, vendo-se obrigada a entrar na I Guerra Mundial
Um século depois, Portugal é um país pertencente à União Europeia, inserido num
mundo em constante mudança, pautado pela globalização e pelas novas formas de comunicação
e envolvido numa crise sócio-económica, da qual parecia estar a recuperar.
Várias e distintas foram as medidas que os países tomaram na tentativa de combater
estas doenças, que se transmitiram a um ritmo avassalador.
Nesta sequência, o estudo que aqui se apresenta, pretende comparar as duas pandemias,
enquadrando-as no contexto histórico, político e social da época, e, com isto, compreender as
medidas de combate tomadas por Portugal.
The Spanish Flu was a disease that decimated millions of people around the world between 1918 and 1919, being considered the deadliest disease of all time. With origins still obscure, and developing in three waves, Pneumonic Influenza claimed nearly 100 million lives. Nothing could stop the H1N1 Influenza virus, which infected 500 million people, approximately one third of the world's population in 1918. Unlike all previously recorded diseases, the flu that the world called "Spanish" seems to have had no problem reaching, essentially young people and adults of working age. One hundred years later, in December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) is notified of the existence of unexplained pneumonia outbreaks in Wuhan, China. In March 2020, COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic, having, until May 2022, caused almost 530 million infected people, resulting in about 6 million deaths worldwide, with the main targets being the elderly and the most vulnerable to other diseases. At the beginning of the 20th century, Portugal, a country that emerged from an outbreak of the bubonic plague, which startled the rulers and forced the implementation of health reforms, sees its monarchical regime, already very fragile due to reasons of national and international politics and vulnerable by the many scandals that were pointed out to it, to succumb to a Republic that proved to be equally incapable of solving political, social and economic problems, and that ends up plunging into a serious crisis, being forced to enter the First World War. A century later, Portugal is a country belonging to the European Union, inserted in a world in constant change, guided by globalization and new forms of communication and involved in a socio-economic crisis, from which it seemed to be recovering. Several and different measures were taken by countries in an attempt to combat these diseases, which were transmitted at an overwhelming rate. In this sequence, the study presented here intends to compare the two pandemics, framing them in the historical, political and social context of the time, and, with this, to understand the combat measures taken by Portugal.
The Spanish Flu was a disease that decimated millions of people around the world between 1918 and 1919, being considered the deadliest disease of all time. With origins still obscure, and developing in three waves, Pneumonic Influenza claimed nearly 100 million lives. Nothing could stop the H1N1 Influenza virus, which infected 500 million people, approximately one third of the world's population in 1918. Unlike all previously recorded diseases, the flu that the world called "Spanish" seems to have had no problem reaching, essentially young people and adults of working age. One hundred years later, in December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) is notified of the existence of unexplained pneumonia outbreaks in Wuhan, China. In March 2020, COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic, having, until May 2022, caused almost 530 million infected people, resulting in about 6 million deaths worldwide, with the main targets being the elderly and the most vulnerable to other diseases. At the beginning of the 20th century, Portugal, a country that emerged from an outbreak of the bubonic plague, which startled the rulers and forced the implementation of health reforms, sees its monarchical regime, already very fragile due to reasons of national and international politics and vulnerable by the many scandals that were pointed out to it, to succumb to a Republic that proved to be equally incapable of solving political, social and economic problems, and that ends up plunging into a serious crisis, being forced to enter the First World War. A century later, Portugal is a country belonging to the European Union, inserted in a world in constant change, guided by globalization and new forms of communication and involved in a socio-economic crisis, from which it seemed to be recovering. Several and different measures were taken by countries in an attempt to combat these diseases, which were transmitted at an overwhelming rate. In this sequence, the study presented here intends to compare the two pandemics, framing them in the historical, political and social context of the time, and, with this, to understand the combat measures taken by Portugal.
Description
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2022, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Keywords
Pneumónica COVID-19 Influenza Coronavírus Pandemia Mestrado integrado - 2022