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Lesões osteocondrais da tibiotársica
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A articulação tibiotársica é uma diartrose entre a extremidade distal da tíbia e o astrágalo. Integra inúmeras estruturas osteoligamentares, musculotendinosas e cartilagíneas, que associadas garantem a estabilidade da articulação durante o movimento.
As características anatómicas e biomecânicas do osso subcondral da tibiotársica e da cartilagem que o reveste, torna-as propícias a lesões osteocondrais, frequentemente de etiologia multifatorial e com um importante impacto funcional a longo prazo.
Esta patologia é por norma caracterizada por um quadro clínico inespecífico, razão pela qual a sua avaliação deve ser conduzida através de exame objetivo e métodos imagiológicas adequados.
Com esta tese pretende-se, através de uma revisão de literatura, introduzir anatomicamente a articulação, abordar a fisiopatologia e epidemiologia, definir os métodos de diagnóstico e estabelecer as várias abordagens conservadoras e cirúrgicas de tratamento.
The ankle joint is a diarthrosis between the distal part of the tibia and the talus. It integrates numerous support structures that, when associated, guarantee stability during movement. The anatomical and biomechanical characteristics of the subchondral bone of the talus and the cartilage that covers it, often make them prone to osteochondral lesions, with a tendency for multifactorial etiology and an important long-term functional impact. This disease usually outstands for a non-specific clinical presentation. For this reason, its evaluation must be conducted thoroughly with an objective physical examination and appropriate imaging methods. This thesis intends, based on a review of the most relevant literature, to anatomically introduce the ankle joint, address the pathophysiology and epidemiology, establish the current diagnostic approach and the most adequate conservative and surgical treatments.
The ankle joint is a diarthrosis between the distal part of the tibia and the talus. It integrates numerous support structures that, when associated, guarantee stability during movement. The anatomical and biomechanical characteristics of the subchondral bone of the talus and the cartilage that covers it, often make them prone to osteochondral lesions, with a tendency for multifactorial etiology and an important long-term functional impact. This disease usually outstands for a non-specific clinical presentation. For this reason, its evaluation must be conducted thoroughly with an objective physical examination and appropriate imaging methods. This thesis intends, based on a review of the most relevant literature, to anatomically introduce the ankle joint, address the pathophysiology and epidemiology, establish the current diagnostic approach and the most adequate conservative and surgical treatments.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2022
Palavras-chave
Lesão osteocondral Tornozelo Osteocondrite dissecante Osteocondrite Ortopedia