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Impacto da pandemia da COVID-19 nos padrões de consumo de álcool da população geral
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Introdução: Álcool é a substância mais consumida mundialmente, quando em abuso, é associado a elevados níveis de mortalidade, morbilidade e impacto físico, psicológico e social, representando um problema socioeconómico mundial. Atualmente, a pandemia da COVID-19 corresponde a um grande impacto psicossocial para a população, podendo ter consequências psicológicas e alterações de comportamento, sendo necessário compreender-se o seu verdadeiro impacto na realidade populacional.
Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da pandemia da COVID-19 nos padrões de consumo de álcool da população geral, através de uma revisão de literatura.
Métodos: Realizou-se uma pesquisa literária na base de dados PubMed. Posteriormente selecionaram-se os estudos originais, que estudassem o impacto da pandemia da COVID-19 nos padrões de consumo de álcool da população geral cuja metodologia recorresse ao Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) ou derivações.
Resultados: Foram selecionados 15 artigos. Verificou-se uma diminuição do consumo de álcool na população geral e vários estudos apresentam evidência significativa de que a idade, o género e a saúde mental constituem fatores preditores e/ou protetores da variação do mesmo consumo durante o confinamento.
Conclusão: O período de confinamento mostrou impactar a curto prazo os padrões de consumo de álcool da população geral, verificando-se uma diminuição nesta primeira fase. A idade, o género e a saúde mental representam fatores preditores desta variação, com os jovens e os homens a mostrarem maior suscetibilidade à diminuição do consumo, enquanto o aumento dos scores de ansiedade e depressão resultantes das restrições associadas à COVID-19 se associam ao aumento do consumo. São necessários mais estudos longitudinais sobre a temática, que abranjam mais áreas da saúde mental e potenciais fatores preditores do aumento do consumo de álcool, que primem por uma maior diversidade amostral e que se centrem no papel que os serviços de suporte social têm na prevenção de problemas relacionados com o álcool.
Introduction: Alcohol is the most consumed substance worldwide, when abused, it is associated with high levels of mortality, morbidity and physical, psychological and social impact, representing a worldwide socioeconomic problem. Currently, the COVID-19 pandemic has a major psychosocial impact on the population, which can have psychological consequences and behavioral changes, hence the need to understand its true impact on the population's reality. Objective: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol consumption patterns in the general population, through a literature review. Methods: A literary search was carried out in the PubMed database. Subsequently were selected the original studies that studied the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the patterns of alcohol consumption in the general population, whose methodology used the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) or derivations. Results: 15 articles were selected. There was a decrease in alcohol consumption in the general population and several studies present significant evidence that age, gender and mental health are predictive and/or protective factors of variation of the same consumption during confinement. Conclusion: The confinement period showed a short-term impact on the alcohol consumption patterns of the general population, with a decrease in this first phase. Age, gender and mental health represent predictors of this variation, with young people and men showing greater susceptibility to reduced consumption, while the increase in anxiety and depression scores resulting from restrictions associated with COVID-19 are associated with consumption increase. There is a need for more longitudinal studies on the subject, covering more areas of mental health and potential predictors of increased alcohol consumption, which strive for greater sample diversity and focus on the role that social support services play in prevention of alcohol-related problems.
Introduction: Alcohol is the most consumed substance worldwide, when abused, it is associated with high levels of mortality, morbidity and physical, psychological and social impact, representing a worldwide socioeconomic problem. Currently, the COVID-19 pandemic has a major psychosocial impact on the population, which can have psychological consequences and behavioral changes, hence the need to understand its true impact on the population's reality. Objective: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol consumption patterns in the general population, through a literature review. Methods: A literary search was carried out in the PubMed database. Subsequently were selected the original studies that studied the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the patterns of alcohol consumption in the general population, whose methodology used the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) or derivations. Results: 15 articles were selected. There was a decrease in alcohol consumption in the general population and several studies present significant evidence that age, gender and mental health are predictive and/or protective factors of variation of the same consumption during confinement. Conclusion: The confinement period showed a short-term impact on the alcohol consumption patterns of the general population, with a decrease in this first phase. Age, gender and mental health represent predictors of this variation, with young people and men showing greater susceptibility to reduced consumption, while the increase in anxiety and depression scores resulting from restrictions associated with COVID-19 are associated with consumption increase. There is a need for more longitudinal studies on the subject, covering more areas of mental health and potential predictors of increased alcohol consumption, which strive for greater sample diversity and focus on the role that social support services play in prevention of alcohol-related problems.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2022
Palavras-chave
Consumo de álcool Confinamento COVID-19 Distanciamento social Psiquiatria