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Abstract(s)
O ser humano foi evoluindo ao longo de milhões de anos para se adaptar ao ambiente terrestre. Por este motivo, quando o homem se aventura no espaço, a sua fisiologia tem que se readaptar e isto assume por vezes contornos patológicos.
Neste estudo, o objetivo principal foi rever e sumarizar a literatura existente sobre as alterações do ciclo sono-vigília em missões espaciais, com particular enfoque nos processos de regulação e na duração, qualidade e arquitetura do sono. Foram objetivos secundários desta revisão um estudo das causas, das consequências e das contramedidas utilizadas.
Para o efeito, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados Pubmed e Web of Science, em abril de 2022, recorrendo aos termos MeSH “sleep”, “astronauts” e “spaceflight”. Foram considerados apenas estudos originais, publicados nos últimos 10 anos, cujos participantes incluíssem Astronautas a bordo de missões espaciais tripuladas. No total, foram selecionados 7 estudos, que incluíram 152 participantes.
A pequena amostra obtida, apresenta-se como uma das principais limitações da presente revisão. No entanto, a literatura parece sugerir que a duração do sono se encontra reduzida em ambiente espacial comparativamente com a terra, com um impacto funcional relevante para a performance dos astronautas. A dessincronização circadiana e a carga de trabalho são apontados como um determinante substancial das alterações observadas.
The human being has evolved over millions of years to adapt to the terrestrial environment. For this reason, when man ventures into space, his physiology must readapt, and this sometimes takes on pathological contours. In this study, the main objective was to review and summarise the existing literature on the alterations of the sleep-wake cycle in space missions, with particular focus on the regulation processes and the duration, quality and architecture of sleep. Secondary objectives of this review were a study of the causes, consequences and countermeasures used. A literature search was conducted in the Pubmed and Web of Science databases in April 2022, using the MeSH terms "sleep", "astronauts" and "spaceflight". Only original studies, published in the last 10 years, whose participants included astronauts aboard manned space missions were considered. In total, 7 studies were selected, which included 152 participants. The small sample size was one of the main limitations of this review. However, the literature seems to suggest that sleep duration is reduced in space environment compared to earth, with a relevant functional impact on astronauts' performance. Circadian desynchronisation and the workload are pointed out as the most substantial determinants of the observed changes.
The human being has evolved over millions of years to adapt to the terrestrial environment. For this reason, when man ventures into space, his physiology must readapt, and this sometimes takes on pathological contours. In this study, the main objective was to review and summarise the existing literature on the alterations of the sleep-wake cycle in space missions, with particular focus on the regulation processes and the duration, quality and architecture of sleep. Secondary objectives of this review were a study of the causes, consequences and countermeasures used. A literature search was conducted in the Pubmed and Web of Science databases in April 2022, using the MeSH terms "sleep", "astronauts" and "spaceflight". Only original studies, published in the last 10 years, whose participants included astronauts aboard manned space missions were considered. In total, 7 studies were selected, which included 152 participants. The small sample size was one of the main limitations of this review. However, the literature seems to suggest that sleep duration is reduced in space environment compared to earth, with a relevant functional impact on astronauts' performance. Circadian desynchronisation and the workload are pointed out as the most substantial determinants of the observed changes.
Description
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2022
Keywords
Sono Ciclo sono-vigília Ritmo circadiano Astronautas Medicina aeroespacial Missão espacial