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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A evidência científica tem demonstrado que o exercício físico pode ter uma importante
influência positiva sobre a saúde, contribuindo não só para a melhoria dos índices
físicos e fisiológicos em populações saudáveis e clínicas, como para um melhor
ajustamento sócioemocional às doenças crónicas e agudas e a promoção do bem-estar
psicológico. Apesar destas evidências, constata-se não só que apenas uma minoria de
pessoas pratica exercício físico de acordo com os parâmetros recomendados, como
também que essa prática não é encorajada pelos profissionais de saúde. Esta situação
torna importante o estudo dos factores determinantes da prática de exercício físico e
também o objetivo de demonstrar localmente os efeitos benéficos e a segurança do
exercício. Assim, as variáveis avaliadas nesta investigação foram as seguintes: fadiga,
qualidade de vida, estado emocional, representação da doença e estratégias de coping.
Esta investigação foi efetuada em 93 mulheres adultas, entre os 18 anos e os 76 anos de
idade, 75% com formação superior, 17 com doenças crónicas e/ou prolongadas. A
recolha de dados foi feita on-line com recurso à plataforma Qualtrics e divulgada nas
redes sociais. A maior parte das correlações não atingiram a significância porque a
amostra é reduzida, o que impede conclusões seguras, apenas sugerindo possibilidades a
serem confirmadas em estudos posteriores. No entanto, os resultados sugerem que de
facto o exercício apresenta efeitos positivos, nomeadamente na redução dos sintomas de
Fadiga física, na promoção de emoções de Serenidade e da Qualidade de Vida,
sobretudo nos domínios Físico e de Saúde, e na promoção de capacidades para lidar
com doenças crónicas ou prolongadas. Finalmente, os resultados dão alguma
sustentação à validade do modelo de avaliação que este estudo procurou desenvolver e
testar, mas apontam igualmente a necessidade de estudos futuros, com amostras de
maior dimensão e planos com vários momentos de avaliação.
Theorical Introduction: Scientific evidence has shown that physical exercise can have an important positive influence on health, contributing not only to the improvement of physical and physiological indices, in healthy and clinical populations, but also to a better socio-emotional adjustment to acute and chronic disease and the promotion of their psychological well-being. Despite these evidences, it is observed that only a small minority of persons practice physical exercise according to the recommended parameters, and that this practice is not systematically encouraged by health professionals. This situation makes it important to study the determinants of physical exercise practice, and also that of locally showing the beneficial effect and the safety of exercise. Therefore, the variables assessed in this study were: fatigue, quality of life, emotional state, illness representation and coping strategies. The study was carried out with 93 adult women, between 18 and 76 years of age, 75% with a higher education level, and 17 of which had chronic and/or prolonged diseases. Data collection was done online, and participants were recruited with the help of social media. Most correlations did not reach significance because of the small size of the sample, only suggesting possibilities to be confirmed in future studies. However, results suggest that exercise actually shows positive effects, namely in reducing symptoms of physical Fatigue, in promoting Serenity emotions and Quality of Life, especially in the Physical and Health domains, and in the promotion of capacities to cope with chronic or prolonged diseases. Finally, the results yield some support to the validity of the assessment this study sought to develop, but also point out the need for future studies, with larger samples and data collection plans across different point in time.
Theorical Introduction: Scientific evidence has shown that physical exercise can have an important positive influence on health, contributing not only to the improvement of physical and physiological indices, in healthy and clinical populations, but also to a better socio-emotional adjustment to acute and chronic disease and the promotion of their psychological well-being. Despite these evidences, it is observed that only a small minority of persons practice physical exercise according to the recommended parameters, and that this practice is not systematically encouraged by health professionals. This situation makes it important to study the determinants of physical exercise practice, and also that of locally showing the beneficial effect and the safety of exercise. Therefore, the variables assessed in this study were: fatigue, quality of life, emotional state, illness representation and coping strategies. The study was carried out with 93 adult women, between 18 and 76 years of age, 75% with a higher education level, and 17 of which had chronic and/or prolonged diseases. Data collection was done online, and participants were recruited with the help of social media. Most correlations did not reach significance because of the small size of the sample, only suggesting possibilities to be confirmed in future studies. However, results suggest that exercise actually shows positive effects, namely in reducing symptoms of physical Fatigue, in promoting Serenity emotions and Quality of Life, especially in the Physical and Health domains, and in the promotion of capacities to cope with chronic or prolonged diseases. Finally, the results yield some support to the validity of the assessment this study sought to develop, but also point out the need for future studies, with larger samples and data collection plans across different point in time.
Description
Dissertação de mestrado, Psicologia (Área de especialização em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde - Psicologia Clínica Dinâmica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2021
Keywords
Psicologia da saúde Qualidade de vida Estratégias de coping Dissertações de mestrado - 2021