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Os usos do espaço e do tempo em áreas rurais: distribuição das tarefas domésticas e de cuidado dos agregados familiares em Alenquer
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Atualmente, a identidade de género não dita claramente o tipo de tarefas que homens e
mulheres desempenham, especialmente as relacionadas com a casa/o lar. Esta é uma realidade
que se nota cada vez mais no espaço urbano, não obstante, no espaço rural também se têm
vindo a alterar os papéis sociais de género. Em contexto rural, e apesar de já não ser
caracterizado apenas pela predominância das atividades agrícolas e pela ruralidade, ainda
mantêm algumas das características que antes o definiam, como alguns hábitos conservadores
associados à dominação masculina sobre as mulheres, evidenciando desigualdade de condições
de vida. Porém, ao longo dos anos e especialmente as mulheres residentes em espaço rural,
após terem adquirido independência financeira, porque entraram para o mundo do trabalho
remunerado, têm alterado os seus hábitos e preferências que, em muitos casos, não estão
diretamente relacionadas com os afazeres da casa, como acontecia no passado. Com efeito, nas
sociedades ocidentais, as mulheres têm-se tornado cada vez mais esclarecidas quanto aos seus
direitos e com objetivos de vida mais bem definidos relativamente ao trabalho remunerado.
Contudo, muitas destas mulheres, especialmente aquelas casadas e/ou com filhos, para
além de um cargo profissional remunerado, ainda realizam a maioria das tarefas domésticas e
de cuidado, que lhes exigem, para além das horas de trabalho não remunerado, dispensar mais
do seu tempo com estas tarefas. Simultaneamente, também exigem uma distribuição mais justa
de tarefas entre os membros do agregado familiar, em particular dos cônjuges, bem como,
outros aspetos da vida quotidiana dos casais começam a ganhar um destaque, como por
exemplo, a gestão das carreiras profissionais, a emancipação financeira e a participação na
esfera pública.
Apesar da evolução verificada no espaço rural, no que diz respeito à distribuição do
trabalho doméstico e de cuidado, ainda existe uma parte da população, especialmente em
agregados familiares de uma faixa etária mais velha e com um nível de escolaridade baixo ou
nulo, que consideram as tarefas domésticas e de cuidado exclusivas das mulheres e, entendem
os homens como os provedores da casa, reproduzindo os tradicionais papéis de género, algo
que vai ser confirmado através desta investigação, realizada numa aldeia localizada no
concelho de Alenquer, com recurso ao método de entrevistas semiestruturadas feitas aos
agregados familiares residentes.
Currently, gender identity does not clearly dictate the type of tasks men and women perform, especially those related to the house/home. This is a reality that is increasingly noticed in urban areas, however, in rural areas social gender roles have also been changing. In a rural context, and despite being no longer characterized only by the predominance of agricultural activities and rurality, they still maintain some of the characteristics that previously defined them, such as some conservative habits associated with male domination over women, evidencing inequality of living conditions. However, over the years, and especially women living in rural areas, after having acquired financial independence, because they entered the world of paid work, have changed their habits and preferences that, in many cases, are not directly related to the tasks involved. home, as in the past. Indeed, in Western societies, women have become increasingly enlightened about their rights and with better defined life goals in relation to paid work. However, many of these women, especially those who are married and/or have children, in addition to a paid professional position, still carry out most of the domestic and care tasks, which require them, in addition to unpaid work hours, to spend more than your time with these tasks. At the same time, they also demand a fairer distribution of tasks between both members of the household, in particular the spouses, as well as other aspects of the daily life of couples are beginning to gain prominence, such as the management of professional careers, financial emancipation, and participation in the public sphere. Despite the evolution seen in rural areas, with regard to the distribution of domestic and care work, there is still a part of the population, especially in households of an older age group and with a low or zero level of education, who consider domestic and care tasks exclusive to women and, they understand men as the providers of the house, reproducing the traditional gender roles, something that will be confirmed through this investigation, carried out in a village located in the municipality of Alenquer, using the method of semi-structured interviews with resident households.
Currently, gender identity does not clearly dictate the type of tasks men and women perform, especially those related to the house/home. This is a reality that is increasingly noticed in urban areas, however, in rural areas social gender roles have also been changing. In a rural context, and despite being no longer characterized only by the predominance of agricultural activities and rurality, they still maintain some of the characteristics that previously defined them, such as some conservative habits associated with male domination over women, evidencing inequality of living conditions. However, over the years, and especially women living in rural areas, after having acquired financial independence, because they entered the world of paid work, have changed their habits and preferences that, in many cases, are not directly related to the tasks involved. home, as in the past. Indeed, in Western societies, women have become increasingly enlightened about their rights and with better defined life goals in relation to paid work. However, many of these women, especially those who are married and/or have children, in addition to a paid professional position, still carry out most of the domestic and care tasks, which require them, in addition to unpaid work hours, to spend more than your time with these tasks. At the same time, they also demand a fairer distribution of tasks between both members of the household, in particular the spouses, as well as other aspects of the daily life of couples are beginning to gain prominence, such as the management of professional careers, financial emancipation, and participation in the public sphere. Despite the evolution seen in rural areas, with regard to the distribution of domestic and care work, there is still a part of the population, especially in households of an older age group and with a low or zero level of education, who consider domestic and care tasks exclusive to women and, they understand men as the providers of the house, reproducing the traditional gender roles, something that will be confirmed through this investigation, carried out in a village located in the municipality of Alenquer, using the method of semi-structured interviews with resident households.
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Palavras-chave
Espaço rural Tarefas domésticas Divisão sexual do trabalho Usos do espaço Usos do tempo