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Resumo(s)
As zonas húmidas estão entre os habitats mais produtivos do planeta e são habitats
essenciais para aves aquáticas. No entanto, as zonas húmidas naturais têm diminuído globalmente
por via de ação humana, contrastando com o aumento de zonas húmidas artificiais, como os
arrozais. Estes tornam-se um habitat alternativo para aves aquáticas onde as populações de Íbispreta (Plegadis falcinellus) e Cegonha-branca (Ciconia ciconia) têm aumentado
significativamente, em particular na Península Ibérica. Este trabalho foi realizado nos arrozais da
Lezíria Grande de Vila Franca de Xira com o objetivo de (1) caracterizar a abundância de Íbispreta e Cegonha-branca ao longo do ciclo do arroz, (2) descrever a sua dieta, (3) avaliar a
disponibilidade de alimento para estas espécies e (4) avaliar a sua seleção de habitat. Foi ainda
(5) estimada a perda económica associada a danos nos arrozais e (6) avaliada a eficácia dos
espantamentos de aves promovidos pelos produtores de arroz. A abundância de Íbis-preta foi
máxima em dezembro, no início da época do lavradio e a de Cegonha-branca em setembro,
imediatamente antes da colheita. O Lagostim-vermelho-do-Louisiana foi a principal presa
consumida por Íbis-preta e Cegonha-branca. Na época da colheita, a Íbis-preta mostrou
preferência por campos colhidos e posteriormente, antes da sementeira, por campos lavrados. Já
a Cegonha-branca não apresentou preferência por um habitat em particular ao longo ciclo do
arroz. Os danos registados nos arrozais correspondem a perdas de 1% na produção (ca.100000€
de prejuízo). A eficácia dos espantamentos de aves promovidos pelos orizicultores foi afetada
principalmente pela distância das aves ao espantador. Os resultados reiteram a importância dos
arrozais como habitat alternativo para diversas espécies de aves aquáticas, nomeadamente para a
Íbis-preta e para a Cegonha-branca, especialmente no contexto global, onde a perda de zonas
húmidas naturais é um motivo de preocupação do ponto de vista da conservação.
Wetlands are among the world’s most productive habitats being crucial for waterbirds. Yet, natural wetlands have been decreasing global due to human action, contrasting with an increase in artificial wetlands, such as rice fields. These become an alternative habitat for waterbirds where the Glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus) and White stork (Ciconia ciconia) populations have increased significantly, namely in the Iberian Peninsula. This work was carried out in the rice fields of Lezíria Grande de Vila Franca de Xira aiming to (1) characterize the Glossy ibis and White stork abundance over the rice cycle, (2) describe their diet, (3) evaluate the food availability for these species and (4) evaluate their habitat selection. Moreover, (5) the economic loss associated with rice damage was estimated and (6) the efficacy of the scaring techniques promoted by rice growers was evaluated. Glossy ibis abundance was maximum in December, in the beginning of ploughing and White stork abundance peaked in September immediately before harvest. Red swamp crayfish was the main prey eaten by both bird species. In harvest season, Glossy ibis showed preference for harvested fields and later, before sowing, for ploughed fields. The White stork did not show any preference for a particular habitat yearround. The damages to rice crops lead to a 1% loss in production (ca 100000€). The efficacy of the scaring techniques promoted by rice growers was affected mainly by the distance between the birds and the scarer. These results reinforce the importance of rice fields as an alternative habitat for many waterbird species, namely Glossy ibis and White stork, especially in the global context where natural wetland loss is a concern in terms of conservation.
Wetlands are among the world’s most productive habitats being crucial for waterbirds. Yet, natural wetlands have been decreasing global due to human action, contrasting with an increase in artificial wetlands, such as rice fields. These become an alternative habitat for waterbirds where the Glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus) and White stork (Ciconia ciconia) populations have increased significantly, namely in the Iberian Peninsula. This work was carried out in the rice fields of Lezíria Grande de Vila Franca de Xira aiming to (1) characterize the Glossy ibis and White stork abundance over the rice cycle, (2) describe their diet, (3) evaluate the food availability for these species and (4) evaluate their habitat selection. Moreover, (5) the economic loss associated with rice damage was estimated and (6) the efficacy of the scaring techniques promoted by rice growers was evaluated. Glossy ibis abundance was maximum in December, in the beginning of ploughing and White stork abundance peaked in September immediately before harvest. Red swamp crayfish was the main prey eaten by both bird species. In harvest season, Glossy ibis showed preference for harvested fields and later, before sowing, for ploughed fields. The White stork did not show any preference for a particular habitat yearround. The damages to rice crops lead to a 1% loss in production (ca 100000€). The efficacy of the scaring techniques promoted by rice growers was affected mainly by the distance between the birds and the scarer. These results reinforce the importance of rice fields as an alternative habitat for many waterbird species, namely Glossy ibis and White stork, especially in the global context where natural wetland loss is a concern in terms of conservation.
Descrição
Tese de Mestrado, Biologia da Conservação, 2022, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências
Palavras-chave
Arrozais Aves aquáticas Ecologia alimentar Conflitos Lagostim-vermelho-do-Louisiana Teses de mestrado - 2022
