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Em busca da nação entre Portugal e Brasil : mediação cultural e sociabilidade transatlântica no “Archivo Pittoresco” (1857 - 1868)
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O presente trabalho se dispõe a discutir o papel da revista Archivo Pittoresco (1857 – 1868) como objeto de mediação cultural na busca pelo sentido de Nação da intelectualidade Romântica Portuguesa, ancorada na relação entre Portugal e Brasil. Entre outros aspectos, este estudo inclui a análise do arquivo formado pelos volumes da Revista, sistematizando os principais temas e linhas de evolução, inquirindo os fundamentos e o ideário e avaliando o estatuto e o papel desempenhados na relação Portugal-Brasil. Tendo em vista dar conta do objeto de análise, do quadro histórico e do percurso hermenêutico traçado, o trabalho compõe-se de uma sequência de escalas dialeticamente organizadas. O plano mais amplo é a problemática da Nação articulada na tensão entre os dois países, em que estão subjacentes memória e projeto; o plano operatório e de mediação (intermédio e intermediário) é a sociabilidade transatlântica, de que a sociedade Madrépora, fundada pela Comunidade Portuguesa no Rio de Janeiro, é bem representativa, como igualmente representativas são as sucessivas tentativas de António Feliciano de Castilho em torno da Língua Portuguesa; o plano constitutivo ganha fundamento no ecletismo, corrente filosófica que se desdobra e reifica nas bases histórico-políticas, nas temáticas e nos projetos subjacentes às revistas – que, por conta disso, chamamos “ecléticas” –, dentre as quais destacamos o Archivo Pittoresco em sua empreitada pela escolarização da sociedade (povo). A tese procura desvelar um ciclo histórico que, seguramente, se prolongará até às duas últimas décadas do século XIX – um ciclo de indeterminação e busca, mas um ciclo em que há cada vez mais informação e consciência de que não é mais possível nem desejável voltar atrás ou fazer parar a história. Revela também que este ecletismo, cujos ecos ouvem-se em ambos os lados do Atlântico, está sempre debaixo de tensão, e que a geração de 60 e 70 faz uso de armas mais radicais e decisivas - como foram a gramática do Português do Brasil e a incorporação literária de um Brasil “nativo”, como se vê em José de Alencar. O ciclo de Independência e Descolonização tinha de ser consolidado no Brasil – era irreversível. Mas a busca do sentido de Nação dentre a intelectualidade Portuguesa persistia vinculada ao binômio Portugal-Brasil, tendo o ecletismo sido, por um tempo, uma solução possível, sempre sob grande tensão e prolongando alguma indeterminação. Nos primeiros capítulos da tese, delineia-se um marco conceitual e se reconstitui um contexto histórico, sociocultural e de sociabilidades intelectuais. Desenvolve-se, então, um estudo da Revista Archivo Pittoresco, distribuída nas escolas Portuguesas sob os auspícios da sociedade Madrépora com recursos financeiros provenientes do Brasil. A composição editorial e a abrangência da distribuição revelam um ideário e uma dinâmica de busca de novos leitores.
This research focuses on the journal Archivo Pittoresco (1857 – 1868) and its role as an object of cultural mediation in the search for a sense of Nation undertaken by the Romantic Portuguese intelligentsia, based on the relation between Portugal and Brazil. Among other aspects, the study includes the analysis of the archive made up of the Archivo’s issues, sistematising their main themes and lines of evolution, inquiring the journal’s foundations and set of beliefs, and also understanding its role in the Portugal-Brazil relationship. Taking into account its object of analysis, the historical framework, and the charted hermeneutic path, the study is made up of a sequence of dialectically-organised scales. The broader landscape is the issue of the Nation as articulated in the tensions between the two countries, in which memory and project are underlying; the operative and mediation plan is the transatlantic sociability, of which the Madrépora society, founded by the Portuguese community in Rio de Janeiro, is very representative, as are the successive attempts by António Feliciano de Castilho around the Portuguese language; the constitutive plan gains foundation in eclecticism, a philosophical system that unfolds and reifies itself in the historical-political bases, in the themes, and in the projects underlying the journals – which, for this reason, we call “eclectic”. Among these journals we highlight the Archivo Pittoresco, marked by the endeavour to promote the schooling of society (folk). The thesis seeks to unveil a historical cycle that will surely last until the last decade of the 19th century – a cycle of indeterminacy and search, but a cycle in which there is mounting information and awareness that it is neither possible nor desirable to stop history. The study also reveals that this eclecticism, whose echoes can be heard on both sides of the Atlantic, is always under tension, and that the generation of the 60s and 70s uses more radical and decisive weapons – as were the grammar of Brazilian Portuguese and the literary incorporation of a “native” Brazil, as seen in José de Alencar. The cycle of Independence and Decolonization had to be consolidated in Brazil – it was irreversible. But the search for the sense of the Nation among the Portuguese intelligentsia remained linked to the Portugal-Brazil binomial, with eclecticism being, for a time, a possible solution, always under great tension and prolonging some indeterminacy. The first chapters of the thesis outline a conceptual framework and reconstitute a historical and sociocultural context, as well as a context of intellectual sociabilities. Afterwards, the thesis carries out a study of the journal Archivo Pittoresco, which was distributed in Portuguese schools under the auspices of the Madrépora society with financial resources coming from Brazil. The editorial composition and scope of distribution reveal an ideal and dynamic linked to the search for new readers.
This research focuses on the journal Archivo Pittoresco (1857 – 1868) and its role as an object of cultural mediation in the search for a sense of Nation undertaken by the Romantic Portuguese intelligentsia, based on the relation between Portugal and Brazil. Among other aspects, the study includes the analysis of the archive made up of the Archivo’s issues, sistematising their main themes and lines of evolution, inquiring the journal’s foundations and set of beliefs, and also understanding its role in the Portugal-Brazil relationship. Taking into account its object of analysis, the historical framework, and the charted hermeneutic path, the study is made up of a sequence of dialectically-organised scales. The broader landscape is the issue of the Nation as articulated in the tensions between the two countries, in which memory and project are underlying; the operative and mediation plan is the transatlantic sociability, of which the Madrépora society, founded by the Portuguese community in Rio de Janeiro, is very representative, as are the successive attempts by António Feliciano de Castilho around the Portuguese language; the constitutive plan gains foundation in eclecticism, a philosophical system that unfolds and reifies itself in the historical-political bases, in the themes, and in the projects underlying the journals – which, for this reason, we call “eclectic”. Among these journals we highlight the Archivo Pittoresco, marked by the endeavour to promote the schooling of society (folk). The thesis seeks to unveil a historical cycle that will surely last until the last decade of the 19th century – a cycle of indeterminacy and search, but a cycle in which there is mounting information and awareness that it is neither possible nor desirable to stop history. The study also reveals that this eclecticism, whose echoes can be heard on both sides of the Atlantic, is always under tension, and that the generation of the 60s and 70s uses more radical and decisive weapons – as were the grammar of Brazilian Portuguese and the literary incorporation of a “native” Brazil, as seen in José de Alencar. The cycle of Independence and Decolonization had to be consolidated in Brazil – it was irreversible. But the search for the sense of the Nation among the Portuguese intelligentsia remained linked to the Portugal-Brazil binomial, with eclecticism being, for a time, a possible solution, always under great tension and prolonging some indeterminacy. The first chapters of the thesis outline a conceptual framework and reconstitute a historical and sociocultural context, as well as a context of intellectual sociabilities. Afterwards, the thesis carries out a study of the journal Archivo Pittoresco, which was distributed in Portuguese schools under the auspices of the Madrépora society with financial resources coming from Brazil. The editorial composition and scope of distribution reveal an ideal and dynamic linked to the search for new readers.
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História da Educação Portugal-Brasil Povo-Nação Intelectuais Imprensa de educação e ensino History of Education Portugal-Brazil folk-nation intellectuals education and teaching press