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Authors
Abstract(s)
As infecções do trato urinário surgem em cerca de 150 milhões de pessoas anualmente e continuam a exercer um impacto significativo em doentes espalhados por todo o mundo. A maioria destes doentes são mulheres saudáveis, cuja qualidade de vida vai diminuindo bastante enquanto os custos de acesso à saúde vão aumentando.
O tratamento das infeções do trato urinário é realizado muitas vezes através da terapêutica farmacológica o que se traduz frequentemente num uso indiscriminado e descontrolado de antibióticos. Devido à grande recorrência das infeções do trato urinário, este tratamento convencional provoca o aumento da resistência bacteriana, uma preocupação enorme que leva à necessidade de procurar outras opções terapêuticas que possam auxiliar tanto a nível da prevenção como a nível do controlo dos sintomas associados a esta patologia.
É neste sentido que a presente monografia surge, ao apresentar inicialmente os variados aspetos das infecções urinárias, desde a sua definição, a sua prevalência e custos associados, as suas várias classificações possíveis, os factores de risco, as vias de infecção, os principais agentes etiológicos e os seus mecanismos de infecção, até à sua sintomatologia, métodos de diagnóstico e opções terapêuticas.
A segunda parte da monografia destina-se a expor o papel da fitoterapia na profilaxia e terapêutica das infeções não complicadas, como uma alternativa à administração não controlada de antibióticos. Para além da breve abordagem à legislação europeia e portuguesa da fitoterapia, aborda-se também duas plantas que merecem o seu destaque, o Arando-vermelho e a Uva-ursina, não deixando de relatar outras que têm o seu impacto reconhecido nas infecções urinárias.
Isto permite não só evidenciar a importância crescente da fitoterapia na terapêutica bem como destacar o lugar do farmacêutico comunitário na adesão dos utentes a alternativas mais benéficas e com menos efeitos secundários, como os suplementos alimentares, que se poderão traduzir não só na diminuição da resistência das estirpes bacterianas, mas também no aumento da qualidade de vida dos doentes.
Urinary tract infections arise in about 150 million people annually and continue to represent a significant impact on patients worldwide. Most of those affected are healthy women, whose quality of life is decreasing significantly while the cost of accessing health services increases. The treatment of urinary tract infections is often carried out through pharmacological therapy, which often results in an indiscriminate and uncontrolled use of antibiotics. The high rate of recurrent urinary tract infections leads to a high demand for this conventional treatment, which consequently increases bacterial resistance. This concern encourages the search for therapeutic alternatives that can help both prophylactically and in terms of controlling the symptoms associated with this pathology. In this sense this monograph emerges, by initially presenting the various aspects of urinary infections, from their definition, their prevalence and their associated costs. It also aims to present its possible classifications, risk factors, infection routes, main etiological agents and their infection mechanisms, thus exposing its symptoms, diagnostic methods and therapeutic options. The second part of the monograph is intended to expose the role of herbal medicine as a prophylactic and as a treatment of uncomplicated infections, as an alternative to the uncontrolled administration of antibiotics. In addition to the brief approach to European and Portuguese phytotherapy legislation, it will also address two plants that deserve special mention, the Cranberry and the Bearberry, while mentioning others that have their recognized impact on urinary infections. This evidence will not only make it possible to highlight the growing importance of herbal medicine in therapeutics, but also to highlight the role of the community pharmacist in the adherence of users to more beneficial alternatives with fewer side effects such as food supplements. These may not only translate into a decrease in the resistance of bacterial strains but also an increase in the quality of life of patients.
Urinary tract infections arise in about 150 million people annually and continue to represent a significant impact on patients worldwide. Most of those affected are healthy women, whose quality of life is decreasing significantly while the cost of accessing health services increases. The treatment of urinary tract infections is often carried out through pharmacological therapy, which often results in an indiscriminate and uncontrolled use of antibiotics. The high rate of recurrent urinary tract infections leads to a high demand for this conventional treatment, which consequently increases bacterial resistance. This concern encourages the search for therapeutic alternatives that can help both prophylactically and in terms of controlling the symptoms associated with this pathology. In this sense this monograph emerges, by initially presenting the various aspects of urinary infections, from their definition, their prevalence and their associated costs. It also aims to present its possible classifications, risk factors, infection routes, main etiological agents and their infection mechanisms, thus exposing its symptoms, diagnostic methods and therapeutic options. The second part of the monograph is intended to expose the role of herbal medicine as a prophylactic and as a treatment of uncomplicated infections, as an alternative to the uncontrolled administration of antibiotics. In addition to the brief approach to European and Portuguese phytotherapy legislation, it will also address two plants that deserve special mention, the Cranberry and the Bearberry, while mentioning others that have their recognized impact on urinary infections. This evidence will not only make it possible to highlight the growing importance of herbal medicine in therapeutics, but also to highlight the role of the community pharmacist in the adherence of users to more beneficial alternatives with fewer side effects such as food supplements. These may not only translate into a decrease in the resistance of bacterial strains but also an increase in the quality of life of patients.
Description
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2021, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Keywords
Infeções urinárias Antibióticos Fitoterapia Profilaxia Suplementos Mestrado integrado - 2021