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Abstract(s)
A história da utilização terapêutica da planta Cannabis sativa L. já remonta aos tempos da antiguidade. A canábis e os seus derivados contém mais de 500 compostos, entre eles canabinóides e terpenos, que são amplamente estudados no sentido da sua eficácia terapêutica e do aparecimento de novos fármacos. A síntese e manipulação destas substâncias pode minimizar os seus efeitos adversos e maximizar os efeitos terapêuticos, levando a uma maior adaptação destas moléculas às necessidades clínicas atuais.
Designam-se por canabinóides todos os compostos químicos, naturais ou sintéticos, que ativem os recetores canabinóides do nosso organismo, CB1 e CB2 e, por sua vez, o nosso sistema endocanabinóide. Os recetores canabinóides juntamente com os seus ligandos endógenos, os endocanabinóides, e as respetivas enzimas metabólicas formam o sistema endocanabinóide. Este sistema é responsável por regular inúmeras funções fisiológicas do nosso corpo e daí a sua importância como potencial alvo terapêutico para diversas patologias.
Os principais canabinóides endógenos são a Anandamida (AEA) e 2-Araquidonilglicerol (2-AG). Quanto aos canabinóides exógenos os principais são, o ∆-9- tetrahidrocanabinol (∆-9-THC), o canabidiol (CBD), o ∆-8-tetrahidrocanabinol (∆-8-THC), o canabinol (CNB), o dronabinol, nabilona e o rimonabanto.
A partir de 2018, a Lei nº 33/2018 de 18 de julho permitiu a utilização de preparações e substâncias à base da planta da canábis, para fins medicinais e, portanto, a prescrição destes fármacos passou a ser realizada, mas apenas como terapêutica de segunda linha, e com uma monitorização intensiva dado os possíveis efeitos adversos e sintomas de síndrome de abstinência.
Neste momento o INFARMED reconhece potencialidades terapêuticas em diferentes patologias, comprovadas in vitro e in vivo, tais como, propriedades neurológicas, ansiolíticas, antipsicóticas, anti-inflamatórias e antiepiléticas. Uma das finalidades com mais relevância é na dor associada à esclerose múltipla.
The history of the therapeutic use of the plant Cannabis sativa L. goes back to ancient times. Cannabis and its derivatives contain more than 500 compounds, including cannabinoids and terpenes, which are widely studied with no sense of their effective effectiveness and the emergence of new drugs. The synthesis and formations can decrease their adverse effects and maximize the therapeutic effects, leading to a greater adaptation of these molecules to current clinical needs. Cannabinoids are all chemical compounds, natural or synthetic, that activate the cannabinoid receptors of our body, CB1 and CB2 and, in turn, our endocannabinoid system. Cannabinoid receptors together with their endogenous ligands, endocannabinoids, and their metabolic enzymes form the endocannabinoid system. This system is responsible for the regular physiological functions of our body and hence its importance as a potential therapeutic target for various pathologies. The main endogenous cannabinoids are Anandamide (AEA) and 2-Araquidonylglycerol (2-AG). As for exogenous cannabinoids, the main ones are ∆-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆-9-THC), cannabidiol (CBD), ∆-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆-8-THC), cannabinol (CNB), dronabinol, nabilona and rimonabant. As of 2018, Law No. 33/2018 of 18 July, the use of preparations and substances based on the cannabis plant, for medicinal purposes and, therefore, the prescription of these drugs began to be performed, but only as a therapeutic treatment. second line, and with intensive monitoring given the possible adverse effects and symptoms of withdrawal syndrome. At this moment INFARMED recognizes therapeutic potentialities in different pathologies, proven in vitro and in vivo, such as neurological, anxiolytic, antipsychotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-epileptic properties. One of the most associated purposes is in the pain associated with multiple sclerosis.
The history of the therapeutic use of the plant Cannabis sativa L. goes back to ancient times. Cannabis and its derivatives contain more than 500 compounds, including cannabinoids and terpenes, which are widely studied with no sense of their effective effectiveness and the emergence of new drugs. The synthesis and formations can decrease their adverse effects and maximize the therapeutic effects, leading to a greater adaptation of these molecules to current clinical needs. Cannabinoids are all chemical compounds, natural or synthetic, that activate the cannabinoid receptors of our body, CB1 and CB2 and, in turn, our endocannabinoid system. Cannabinoid receptors together with their endogenous ligands, endocannabinoids, and their metabolic enzymes form the endocannabinoid system. This system is responsible for the regular physiological functions of our body and hence its importance as a potential therapeutic target for various pathologies. The main endogenous cannabinoids are Anandamide (AEA) and 2-Araquidonylglycerol (2-AG). As for exogenous cannabinoids, the main ones are ∆-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆-9-THC), cannabidiol (CBD), ∆-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆-8-THC), cannabinol (CNB), dronabinol, nabilona and rimonabant. As of 2018, Law No. 33/2018 of 18 July, the use of preparations and substances based on the cannabis plant, for medicinal purposes and, therefore, the prescription of these drugs began to be performed, but only as a therapeutic treatment. second line, and with intensive monitoring given the possible adverse effects and symptoms of withdrawal syndrome. At this moment INFARMED recognizes therapeutic potentialities in different pathologies, proven in vitro and in vivo, such as neurological, anxiolytic, antipsychotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-epileptic properties. One of the most associated purposes is in the pain associated with multiple sclerosis.
Description
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2020, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia,
Keywords
Canábis Canabinóides Uso terapêutico Sistema endocanabinóide Efeitos adversos Mestrado integrado - 2020