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Impactos da introdução de taxas na autoestrada A23: o caso da Beira Interior
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As infraestruturas de transporte são um importante motor para a circulação de pessoas
e bens entre cidades, regiões, países ou continentes. Os conceitos de acessibilidade e
mobilidade estão interligados e dependem das infraestruturas de transporte para
proporcionarem um serviço rápido, seguro e com poucos custos para o utilizador. Esta
performance poderá eventualmente constituir um fator acelerador do desenvolvimento
das regiões, na medida em que a proximidade entre os territórios, ou o encurtamento
das distâncias-tempo entre os mesmos, permitem que a economia regional se dinamize
pelo volume de negócios, crescimento das trocas comerciais, produção de bens e
crescimento da circulação de pessoas, que investem na região e aumentam o turismo.
Todos estes fatores conduzem à modernização dos equipamentos, empresas e
estimulam a fixação de população.
Nesta dissertação serão abordados conceitos relacionados com a infraestrutura de
transporte e a sua relação com o desenvolvimento regional, pelo que a análise será
focada num território correspondente à NUTS II Alentejo, excluindo a NUTS III Lezíria do
Tejo que passou a integrar a região após a reforma administrativa de 2013. Serão
caracterizadas no seu estado atual, através de mapas, as redes de transporte rodoviário,
ferroviário, marítimo, aéreo e a rede de plataformas logísticas. Nesse âmbito, serão
enquadradas as políticas de transportes ao longo do tempo e esquematizados os
investimentos no setor. Para estabelecer uma eventual relação entre os investimentos
em transportes e o desenvolvimento socioeconómico de uma região, serão analisados
em paralelo indicadores de performance dos transportes e indicadores
socioeconómicos relevantes para o desenvolvimento.
Concluiu-se que nos períodos de maior investimento europeu e público nacional, a área
de estudo apresenta uma evolução positiva nos indicadores de transporte e nos
indicadores socioeconómicos. Contudo, comparando com as restantes NUTS II do
continente, apresenta-se pouco competitiva em alguns contextos e com discrepâncias
internas pela dimensão dos núcleos urbanos ou de atividades económicas relevantes.
The exploration of motorway without charge to users (SCUT) opened in 1997. The aim of SCUT was improved accessibility and reduce internal disparities. The Beira Interior A23 SCUT without fees, faster and more appealing, improved regional accessibility. During the year of 2011 were introduced fees on the former SCUT A23 motorway (user-payer system). As result, there was an abrupt decrease in the Average Daily Monthly Traffic (ADMT) on the A23 motorway in 2012 and 2013. The aim of this study is understanding the impacts generated by the introduction of tolls on the A23 motorway, on the population of the Beira Interior region, at a social, economic and mobility level. First, bibliographical research was carried out. In a second phase, it was applied a survey (on-line and in person) where the target population was the users of the A23 motorway, who had their home or professional/academic occupation in the region of Beira Interior. The sample consisted of 325 individuals. The results shows that the car is the most used means of transport for commuting, and that most individuals choose to use alternative routes, which can be complemented with sections of the A23 motorway without fees. The frequency of use of the A23 motorway decreased, being mostly used for recreational/leisure purposes. The most reported social impact was the decrease in social/family visits, increasing the isolation of the region. It should also be considered that 49.8% of individuals transfer money from the family budget to pay the fees for using the A23 motorway. In conclusion, the A23 motorway, essential infrastructure for the development of the Beira interior region, has become a motorway with high costs, affecting families and businesses, reducing the region's attractiveness, and arming the regional economy.
The exploration of motorway without charge to users (SCUT) opened in 1997. The aim of SCUT was improved accessibility and reduce internal disparities. The Beira Interior A23 SCUT without fees, faster and more appealing, improved regional accessibility. During the year of 2011 were introduced fees on the former SCUT A23 motorway (user-payer system). As result, there was an abrupt decrease in the Average Daily Monthly Traffic (ADMT) on the A23 motorway in 2012 and 2013. The aim of this study is understanding the impacts generated by the introduction of tolls on the A23 motorway, on the population of the Beira Interior region, at a social, economic and mobility level. First, bibliographical research was carried out. In a second phase, it was applied a survey (on-line and in person) where the target population was the users of the A23 motorway, who had their home or professional/academic occupation in the region of Beira Interior. The sample consisted of 325 individuals. The results shows that the car is the most used means of transport for commuting, and that most individuals choose to use alternative routes, which can be complemented with sections of the A23 motorway without fees. The frequency of use of the A23 motorway decreased, being mostly used for recreational/leisure purposes. The most reported social impact was the decrease in social/family visits, increasing the isolation of the region. It should also be considered that 49.8% of individuals transfer money from the family budget to pay the fees for using the A23 motorway. In conclusion, the A23 motorway, essential infrastructure for the development of the Beira interior region, has become a motorway with high costs, affecting families and businesses, reducing the region's attractiveness, and arming the regional economy.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Autoestrada A23 Região da Beira Interior Estradas sem custo para o utilizado Cobrança de taxas Princípio do utilizador-pagador SCUT