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3D atlas of the human brain : ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging
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Introdução: Os atlas 3D do cérebro são ferramentas essenciais na investigação em neurociências humanas, no ensino da neuroanatomia e no planeamento cirúrgico. Fornecem níveis macroscópicos/microscópicos de informação numa estrutura espacial e permitem a visualização de volumes reconstruídos a partir de dados de Ressonância Magnética (RM), bem como de estudos histológicos. A fusão das duas modalidades combina a precisão dimensional da RM com o detalhe das secções histológicas. Com a evolução da tecnologia de processamento de imagem, é relevante renovar os dados e focar em estruturas anteriormente menos exploradas em atlas, como o hipotálamo, o núcleo basal de Meynert e o núcleo accumbens. Embora existam muitos estudos cerebrais multimodais, vários aspectos podem ser optimizados na preparação do cérebro de cadáver para a RM.
Objectivos: Este trabalho constitui a primeira parte da elaboração de um atlas 3D do cérebro humano combinando RM e histologia. O objectivo foi construir um recipiente personalizado para segurar e posicionar um cérebro humano de cadáver adulto na RM, minimizando artefactos de movimento e realizar aquisições volumétricas.
Métodos: Um recipiente personalizado foi desenhado e fabricado por impressão 3D para colocar um cérebro de cadáver na RM. Aquisições volumétricas foram obtidas com as sequências T1-MPGR, FGATIR e T2-FLAIR e comparadas quanto ao detalhe anatómico por contraste de substância branca e cinzenta.
Resultados: O recipiente do cérebro foi implementado com sucesso, reduzindo a complexidade do protocolo de preparação, e o cérebro foi estabilizado correctamente durante a ressonância magnética.
Discussão: Com melhorias, o uso de um recipiente personalizado fabricado por impressão 3D pode ajudar na optimização e padronização da preparação de cérebros de cadáver para RM. As sequências T1-MPGR e FGATIR forneceram a melhor qualidade para detalhes anatómicos
Conclusão: A criação do recipiente abordou vários problemas da preparação para RM de cérebro de cadáver. As imagens foram obtidas com sucesso e serão usadas nas etapas seguintes do projecto.
Introduction: 3D brain atlases are essential tools in human brain research, neuroanatomy teaching, and surgical planning. They can provide macroscopic/microscopic levels of information in a spatial framework and allow visualisation of reconstructed volumes from MRI data of in/ex vivo brains as well as histological studies. Fusion of both modalities combines the dimensional accuracy of MRI with the detail of histological sections. As image processing technology evolves, it is relevant to renew the data and focus on previously less explored structures, such as the hypothalamus, the nucleus basalis of Meynert and the nucleus accumbens. Although many multimodal brain studies exist, several aspects of the post-mortem preparation for MRI can be optimised. Objectives: This work is the first part of the construction of a 3D atlas of the human brain combining ex vivo MRI and histology. The goal was to build an MRI compatible custom-made container to securely hold an ex vivo adult human brain, minimising movement artifacts, and to perform an MRI scan of the brain. Methods: A custom-shaped container was designed and 3D printed to hold an ex vivo human brain in position in the MRI scanner. Volumetric acquisitions were obtained with T1-MPGR, FGATIR, and T2-FLAIR pulse sequences and compared for their anatomical detail by grey matter to white matter contrast. Results: The brain container was successfully implemented, reducing the complexity of the preparation protocol, and the brain was correctly positioned and stabilised during MRI scanning. Discussion: With some improvements, the use of a 3D-printed custom container can be a step towards the optimisation and standardisation of ex vivo brain preparation for MRI. The T1-MPGR and FGATIR sequences provided the best image quality for anatomical detail Conclusion: Designing the container addressed several issues with ex vivo brain preparation for MRI. Imaging data were successfully obtained and will be used in the following steps of the 3D brain atlas project.
Introduction: 3D brain atlases are essential tools in human brain research, neuroanatomy teaching, and surgical planning. They can provide macroscopic/microscopic levels of information in a spatial framework and allow visualisation of reconstructed volumes from MRI data of in/ex vivo brains as well as histological studies. Fusion of both modalities combines the dimensional accuracy of MRI with the detail of histological sections. As image processing technology evolves, it is relevant to renew the data and focus on previously less explored structures, such as the hypothalamus, the nucleus basalis of Meynert and the nucleus accumbens. Although many multimodal brain studies exist, several aspects of the post-mortem preparation for MRI can be optimised. Objectives: This work is the first part of the construction of a 3D atlas of the human brain combining ex vivo MRI and histology. The goal was to build an MRI compatible custom-made container to securely hold an ex vivo adult human brain, minimising movement artifacts, and to perform an MRI scan of the brain. Methods: A custom-shaped container was designed and 3D printed to hold an ex vivo human brain in position in the MRI scanner. Volumetric acquisitions were obtained with T1-MPGR, FGATIR, and T2-FLAIR pulse sequences and compared for their anatomical detail by grey matter to white matter contrast. Results: The brain container was successfully implemented, reducing the complexity of the preparation protocol, and the brain was correctly positioned and stabilised during MRI scanning. Discussion: With some improvements, the use of a 3D-printed custom container can be a step towards the optimisation and standardisation of ex vivo brain preparation for MRI. The T1-MPGR and FGATIR sequences provided the best image quality for anatomical detail Conclusion: Designing the container addressed several issues with ex vivo brain preparation for MRI. Imaging data were successfully obtained and will be used in the following steps of the 3D brain atlas project.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2020
Palavras-chave
Atlas 3D Ressonância magnética Cérebro humano Cadáver Impressão 3D Anatomia