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Mapas mentales de un barrio tradicional de Lisboa, como estrategia de enseñanza de la geografía
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Los mapas mentales, también conocidos como mapas cognitivos, son visiones individuales simplificadas de nuestro entorno. En estudios anteriores se buscó analizar el aprendizaje del Mundo con mapas mentales. Esta contribución rescata los primeros estudios de Charles Trowbridge (1913) y de Kevin Lynch (1960) sobre imágenes de las ciudades americanas, tal como fueron percibidas y dibujadas por sus residentes, aplicando similar metodología a un barrio tradicional de Lisboa, el barrio medieval de los moros, La Morería (Mouraria). La cuestión de investigación fue la siguiente: ¿Qué visión tienen del barrio estudiantes que lo hayan recurrido sólo una vez? Los alumnos de la licenciatura en Geografía del IGOT fueron invitados a hacer un recurrido por el barrio, a fotografiarlo, observarlo y hacer encuestas, bajo orientación de los dos profesores de la asignatura de Geografía Social y Cultural. En un segundo momento, tuvieron que relatar por escrito y cartografiar el recurrido de esa visita de estudio; En el tercer momento, sin previa notificación, se les solicitó diseñasen un mapa mental del recurrido por el barrio multicultural y multiétnico de Morería. Resultaron 29 mapas donde estaban las vías recurridas (calles y plazas), los marcos detalladamente analizados durante la visita (iglesias, comercios, restaurantes, residencias, hoteles), así como los límites y la orientación espacial del área estudiada. Se concluye que cerca de 2/3 de los estudiantes evidencia una correcta percepción del itinerario hecho, con buena navegación y representación de cinco o más puntos de referencia relevantes para la posterior profundización de aspectos socioeconómicos y culturales del barrio. El objetivo pedagógico es lo de ayudar los alumnos a comprender los principios clave de la representación cartográfica. Los mapas mentales son el instrumento utilizado para la alfabetización geográfica, entendidos como forma de comunicar las percepciones e interpretaciones de los hechos espaciales
Mental maps, also known as cognitive maps, are simplified individual visions of our environment. Previous research has focused learning abilities and perceptions about the Planet Earth, using mental maps. Current contribution draws on the early studies of Charles Trowbridge (1913) and Kevin Lynch (1960) about American cities, as they were perceived and designed by residents, applying similar methods to a Portuguese medieval neighbourhood called Mouraria, the place where moors lived in the Middle Ages. The research question is: What is the vision of university students that strolled around Mouraria, only once? IGOT students were invited to visit the historical neighbourhood with their professors, to photograph, to observe, to inquire residents or workers they found along one study visit. For the Socio-Cultural Geography research assignment, they had to write a report, to include a map with the study visit itinerary, and their first impressions about the area and its residents. In a third phase of the research, several days later and without previous notification, the students had to draw mental maps of Mouraria, and the streets and buildings visited previously. The students drew 29 maps about the multi-ethnic and multicultural neighbourhood, with streets, squares, emblematic buildings, shopping malls, etc. Conclusions from the maps drawn show that 2/3 of the students evidenced a correct perception of their itinerary in Mouraria, they had good navigation skills, and were able to represent five or more reference points (churches, trading posts, restaurants, residences, hotels), all relevant for further exploration of social, economic and cultural issues about the neighbourhood. The pedagogical objective is to help the students understand the key principles of cartographic representation. Mental maps are an instrument used in geographic alphabetisation, and seen as a way to communicate perceptions and interpretations about spatial details.
Mental maps, also known as cognitive maps, are simplified individual visions of our environment. Previous research has focused learning abilities and perceptions about the Planet Earth, using mental maps. Current contribution draws on the early studies of Charles Trowbridge (1913) and Kevin Lynch (1960) about American cities, as they were perceived and designed by residents, applying similar methods to a Portuguese medieval neighbourhood called Mouraria, the place where moors lived in the Middle Ages. The research question is: What is the vision of university students that strolled around Mouraria, only once? IGOT students were invited to visit the historical neighbourhood with their professors, to photograph, to observe, to inquire residents or workers they found along one study visit. For the Socio-Cultural Geography research assignment, they had to write a report, to include a map with the study visit itinerary, and their first impressions about the area and its residents. In a third phase of the research, several days later and without previous notification, the students had to draw mental maps of Mouraria, and the streets and buildings visited previously. The students drew 29 maps about the multi-ethnic and multicultural neighbourhood, with streets, squares, emblematic buildings, shopping malls, etc. Conclusions from the maps drawn show that 2/3 of the students evidenced a correct perception of their itinerary in Mouraria, they had good navigation skills, and were able to represent five or more reference points (churches, trading posts, restaurants, residences, hotels), all relevant for further exploration of social, economic and cultural issues about the neighbourhood. The pedagogical objective is to help the students understand the key principles of cartographic representation. Mental maps are an instrument used in geographic alphabetisation, and seen as a way to communicate perceptions and interpretations about spatial details.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cultura Socio-economía Cartografía Enseñanza Diseño
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Madaleno, Isabel (2020). Mapas mentales de un barrio tradicional de Lisboa, como estrategia de enseñanza de la geografía. Polígonos. Revista de Geografía, 32, 11. Doi: 10.18002/pol.v0i32.6408
Editora
Universidad de León