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Descontinuação de medicamentos - realidade portuguesa, europeia e mundial
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A falta de medicamentos é uma realidade não só em Portugal, mas também na Europa e globalmente. Esta situação tem vindo a agravar-se na última década onde se sentiu um aumento no número de embalagens e número de medicamentos diferentes que estão em falta nas farmácias. Os fatores que influenciam a falha no fornecimento de fármacos nas farmácias comunitárias e farmácias hospitalares são vários, sendo os mais comuns: problemas no local de produção, principalmente se certo medicamento for produzido apenas num local; aumento repentino da procura de um medicamento nas farmácias levando a rutura de stock (ex. vacina da gripe) e exportação de medicamentos para países onde o lucro é maior para as empresas detentoras do AIM. Este último fator tem sido sujeito a muitas críticas por parte de vários autores e tem sido alvo de ações por parte das entidades responsáveis pelo controlo de medicamentos em cada país, como é o caso do Infarmed. Esta descontinuação tem consequências clínicas, económicas e políticas. Os utentes que não têm acesso ao tratamento prescrito podem ter alternações no seu prognóstico a curto-médio prazo, chegando a ser fatais. Torna-se também um aumento dos recursos dispensados (recursos monetários e recursos humanos) por hospitais no tratamento de doentes, que não aconteceria caso o medicamento inicial estivesse disponível. A alternativa a muitas situações de escassez de medicamentos passa pelo uso de genéricos, quando estes existem. No entanto, pode ocorrer que as dosagens sejam diferentes e resultar em sobredosagem ou subdosagem por parte dos utentes, principalmente nos grupos mais frágeis como os idosos. Várias ações diferentes estão a ser tomadas em vários países para tentar solucionar esta problemática. A França tornou-se pioneira nas ações mais drásticas que tomou. Portugal tem a Via Verde do medicamento que, sendo eficaz em certos medicamentos, ainda não se tornou a solução ideal.
The drug shortage is a reality not only in Portugal, but also in Europe and worldwide. This situation has been aggravating in the last decade where we felt an increase in the number of packages and number of different drugs that are missing in pharmacies. Factors influencing drug delivery failure in pharmacies and hospital pharmacies are several, with the most common being: problems at the site of production, particullary if a drug is produced only in one location; a sudden surge in demand for a drug in pharmacies leading to stock break (eg. influenza vaccine) and drug exports to countries where profit is highest for AIM-holding companies. This last factor has been subject to many criticisms by several authors and has been the target of actions by the entities responsible for drug control in each country, as is the case of Infarmed. This discontinuation has clinical, economic and political consequences. Users who do not have access to the prescribed treatment may have alternations in their prognosis in the short to medium term, some becoming fatal. There is also an increase in the resources dispensed (financial resources and human resources) by hospitals in the treatment of patients, which would not happen if the initial drug were available. The alternative to many situations of drug shortage is the use of generics, when they are available. However, it may occur that the dosages are different and result in overdosage or underdosing by the users, especially in the more fragile groups such as the elderly. Several different actions are being taken in several countries to try to solve this problem. France became a pioneer in the most drastic actions it took. Portugal has Via Verde do medicamento that, being effective in certain medicines, has not yet become the ideal solution.
The drug shortage is a reality not only in Portugal, but also in Europe and worldwide. This situation has been aggravating in the last decade where we felt an increase in the number of packages and number of different drugs that are missing in pharmacies. Factors influencing drug delivery failure in pharmacies and hospital pharmacies are several, with the most common being: problems at the site of production, particullary if a drug is produced only in one location; a sudden surge in demand for a drug in pharmacies leading to stock break (eg. influenza vaccine) and drug exports to countries where profit is highest for AIM-holding companies. This last factor has been subject to many criticisms by several authors and has been the target of actions by the entities responsible for drug control in each country, as is the case of Infarmed. This discontinuation has clinical, economic and political consequences. Users who do not have access to the prescribed treatment may have alternations in their prognosis in the short to medium term, some becoming fatal. There is also an increase in the resources dispensed (financial resources and human resources) by hospitals in the treatment of patients, which would not happen if the initial drug were available. The alternative to many situations of drug shortage is the use of generics, when they are available. However, it may occur that the dosages are different and result in overdosage or underdosing by the users, especially in the more fragile groups such as the elderly. Several different actions are being taken in several countries to try to solve this problem. France became a pioneer in the most drastic actions it took. Portugal has Via Verde do medicamento that, being effective in certain medicines, has not yet become the ideal solution.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2019
Palavras-chave
Falta de medicamento exportação de medicamentos escassez de medicamento via verde do medicamento Mestrado Integrado - 2019