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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A implantação coclear é um procedimento bem definido e seguro, que permite a reabilitação auditiva em crianças e adultos com surdez neuro-sensorial severa a profunda, representando hoje a primeira linha para o tratamento destes doentes, bem como uma alternativa para aqueles que não beneficiam dos convencionais aparelhos auditivos. Desde a introdução desta técnica, e face aos avanços científicos e tecnológicos observados, as indicações para a implantação coclear têm crescido, associando-se, no entanto, a um significativo número de complicações, tornando-se assim fundamental contrabalançar os potenciais benefícios e riscos desta intervenção. Tais complicações podem estar associadas tanto com a técnica cirúrgica, com a implantação de um corpo estranho, ou ser devidas à falha no dispositivo. Atualmente, não se observa uma diferença significativa na taxa de complicações global entre crianças e adultos, sendo, no entanto, observada uma distribuição variável entre as duas populações. Várias abordagens cirúrgicas têm sido propostas no sentido de diminuir potencialmente os riscos relacionados com esta intervenção. Atualmente as técnicas mais frequentemente utilizadas consistem na clássica abordagem com a mastoidectomia com timpanotomia posterior, bem como a abordagem transcanalar supra-meática, que representa uma boa alternativa à cirurgia clássica.
Cochlear Implantation is a well-defined and safe procedure allowing hearing rehabilitation of patients with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss, representing the goldstandard of treatment for these patients, as well as an alternative for those who do not benefit from the conventional hearing aids. Since the introduction of this technique, and regarding the scientific and technological advances observed, the indications for cochlear implantation have increased, being, however, associated with a significant number of complications, thus making it fundamental to counterbalance the potential benefits and risks of this intervention. Such complications may be associated with either the surgical technique, the implantation of a foreign body, or be due to device failure. Currently, there is no significant difference in the overall complication rate between children and adults, but a variable distribution is observed between the two populations. Several surgical approaches have been proposed in order to potentially reduce the risks related to this intervention. Nowadays, the most frequently used techniques consist in the classic approach of mastoidectomy with posterior tympanotomy, as well as the suprameatal approach, which represents a good alternative to the classic surgery.
Cochlear Implantation is a well-defined and safe procedure allowing hearing rehabilitation of patients with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss, representing the goldstandard of treatment for these patients, as well as an alternative for those who do not benefit from the conventional hearing aids. Since the introduction of this technique, and regarding the scientific and technological advances observed, the indications for cochlear implantation have increased, being, however, associated with a significant number of complications, thus making it fundamental to counterbalance the potential benefits and risks of this intervention. Such complications may be associated with either the surgical technique, the implantation of a foreign body, or be due to device failure. Currently, there is no significant difference in the overall complication rate between children and adults, but a variable distribution is observed between the two populations. Several surgical approaches have been proposed in order to potentially reduce the risks related to this intervention. Nowadays, the most frequently used techniques consist in the classic approach of mastoidectomy with posterior tympanotomy, as well as the suprameatal approach, which represents a good alternative to the classic surgery.
Description
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2018
Keywords
Implante coclear Surdez neuro-sensorial Cirurgia Otorrinolaringologia