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O domínio público rodoviário em Portugal : a responsabilidade pelos deveres de conservação das vias rodoviárias
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A incerteza sobre a jurisdição de algumas estradas, a que subjaz o facto de se encontrarem em zonas de limite e fronteira dos domínios do município tem suscitado diversas questões controversas, nomeadamente, se as estradas que não se integram no âmbito do domínio público rodoviário estadual devem ser classificadas automaticamente como pertencentes ao domínio público e gestão pública municipal? Vários são os exemplos, desde falta de sinalização, falta de conservação e fiscalização, tudo isto, motivado pelo facto de as estradas em causa, serem desclassificadas do domínio publico rodoviário do Estado, deixando assim de integrar o PRN, sem que houvesse a sua classificação referente ao domínio público local. O que tem vindo a ocorrer é que na falta dessa manutenção, os municípios procedem à sua conservação, no entanto sem que decorram os devidos protocolos de transferência das estradas nacionais ou regionais para a alçada dos municípios. Ora, um Município não poderá ser responsável pela omissão de um dever que compete ao Estado. O Município apenas poderá ser responsabilizado pela omissão das estradas que constem do seu plano municipal. No entanto, a publicação da Lei n.º 50/2018, de 16 de agosto, e do Decreto-Lei n.º 100/2018, de 28 de Novembro, vêm concretizar e estabelecer a competência municipal para a gestão de troços de estradas localizadas nos perímetros urbanos, de estradas desclassificadas pelo PRN, isto é, aquelas que deixaram de pertencer à rede rodoviária nacional. Outro dos problemas jurídicos em questão, passa por aferir a responsabilidade civil extracontratual, saber se esta recai sobre o Estado, sobre a concessionária que detém a exploração daquela infraestrutura viária, ou se, sobre o município, no caso das estradas desclassificadas. E qual o tribunal competente para a resolução dos litígios em causa sendo certo que a gestão e administração das infraestruturas rodoviárias se encontram a cargo de sociedades anónimas, e, portanto, pessoas coletivas de natureza privada.
The uncertainty over the jurisdiction of some roads, which lies in the border and border areas of the municipalities, has raised a number of controversial issues, namely whether roads which are not part of the public road be classified automatically as belonging to the public domain and municipal public management? There are several examples, since lack of signage, lack of conservation and inspection, all of this, motivated by the fact that the roads in question, are disqualified from the public road domain of the State, thus ceasing to integrate the PRN, without its classification concerning the local public domain. What has been happening is that in the absence of such maintenance, the municipalities proceed to its conservation, however without the due protocols of transfer of the national or regional roads to the jurisdiction of the municipalities. However, a municipality can not be responsible for the omission of a duty incumbent on the State. The Municipality can only be held responsible for the omission of roads that are part of its municipal plan. However, the publication of Law no. 50/2018, of August 16, and Decree-Law no. 100/2018, of November 28, have come to concretize and establish the municipal competence for the management of road sections located in the urban perimeters, of roads disqualified by the PRN, that is to say, those that no longer belong to the national road network. Another of the legal problems in question is to assess the non-contractual civil liability, whether it falls on the State, on the concessionaire that holds the operation of that road infrastructure, or whether, on the municipality, in the case of disqualified roads. And the competent court for the resolution of the disputes in question is certain that the management and administration of road infrastructure is carried out by public limited companies, and therefore private individuals.
The uncertainty over the jurisdiction of some roads, which lies in the border and border areas of the municipalities, has raised a number of controversial issues, namely whether roads which are not part of the public road be classified automatically as belonging to the public domain and municipal public management? There are several examples, since lack of signage, lack of conservation and inspection, all of this, motivated by the fact that the roads in question, are disqualified from the public road domain of the State, thus ceasing to integrate the PRN, without its classification concerning the local public domain. What has been happening is that in the absence of such maintenance, the municipalities proceed to its conservation, however without the due protocols of transfer of the national or regional roads to the jurisdiction of the municipalities. However, a municipality can not be responsible for the omission of a duty incumbent on the State. The Municipality can only be held responsible for the omission of roads that are part of its municipal plan. However, the publication of Law no. 50/2018, of August 16, and Decree-Law no. 100/2018, of November 28, have come to concretize and establish the municipal competence for the management of road sections located in the urban perimeters, of roads disqualified by the PRN, that is to say, those that no longer belong to the national road network. Another of the legal problems in question is to assess the non-contractual civil liability, whether it falls on the State, on the concessionaire that holds the operation of that road infrastructure, or whether, on the municipality, in the case of disqualified roads. And the competent court for the resolution of the disputes in question is certain that the management and administration of road infrastructure is carried out by public limited companies, and therefore private individuals.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Domínio público rodoviário Domínio público do Estado Domínio público local Deveres de conservação Responsabilidade civil extracontratual Teses de mestrado - 2019