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O direito ao conhecimento das origens biológicas na adopção
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Este estudo pretende fornecer uma perspectiva geral da forma como o tema do direito ao conhecimento das origens biológicas na adopção é regulado na lei Portuguesa, com base na sua mais relevante doutrina e jurisprudência. A autora sustenta a protecção constitucional de um direito do adoptado ao conhecimento das respectivas origens biológicas, enquanto corolário do direito a uma identidade pessoal tutelado pelo artigo 26.º, n.º 1, da Constituição da República Portuguesa.
O texto investiga em que se consubstancia esse direito, bem como as suas decorrências (nomeadamente no que se refere aos limites de um direito ao estabelecimento de vínculos jurídicos de filiação de acordo com a verdade biológica), com recurso à mais recente e relevante jurisprudência do Tribunal Constitucional Português.
É ainda analisada a jurisprudência do Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos do Homem, que reconhece a existência de um direito individual ao conhecimento das origens biológicas no quadro de um direito à vida privada a que se refere o artigo 8.º, n.º 1, da Convenção Europeia dos Direitos do Homem, e fornecida uma perspectiva completa do direito internacional convencional nesta matéria, incluindo as inovações introduzidas pela Convenção Europeia relativa à Adopção de Crianças (revista) de 2008 (ainda não aplicável na ordem jurídica portuguesa).
São igualmente apresentados detalhes sobre a forma como esse direito é interpretado e aplicado no quadro do regime legal da adopção em vigor nalguns países estrangeiros, nomeadamente em Inglaterra, Espanha, França, Itália e Alemanha.
Além disso, a autora considera também a mais recente legislação relativa ao instituto da adopção, aprovada em 2015 e que recentemente entrou em vigor em Portugal. Trata-se de legislação que permite ao adoptado um pleno direito de acesso à informação sobre as suas origens biológicas depois de atingida a maioridade e, nalgumas circunstâncias previstas na lei, ainda durante a sua menoridade. Merece, a propósito, destaque o facto de a actual lei portuguesa possibilitar agora ao tribunal, embora em condições muito específicas e restritas, autorizar contactos entre o adoptado e a sua família biológica, nomeadamente no que respeita aos seus irmãos, e portanto, em condições semelhantes ao instituto que no direito inglês é conhecido por adopção aberta.
Finalmente, o texto contém contributos acerca da lei portuguesa sobre procriação medicamente assistida e as condições que permitem à pessoa gerada mediante tais técnicas obter informações sobre a identidade e os dados biológicos do dador.
This paper intends to provide a general of overview on how the subject of a right to know his biological origins in the framework of adoption is being dealt with under the Portuguese law, with reference to its most relevant doctrine and jurisprudence. The author argues the case of a right of the adoptee to know his biological origins as protected by Constitutional Law, mainly grounded in the contents of the right to an individual identity enshrined by article 26, § 1, of the Portuguese Constitution. The paper investigates both its contents and consequences, namely on what concerns the shape and limits of a right towards the establishment of legal links of motherhood and fatherhood according to the biological truth, while applying to the latest and most relevant jurisprudence of the Portuguese Constitutional Court. It also analyses the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, which recognizes an individual right to know his biological origins in the framework of the right to a private life, as foreseen by article 8, § 1, of the European Convention on Human Rights, and provides a full overview of the relevant international conventional law applying to the subject including the, (still not binding to Portugal), European Convention on the Adoption of Children (revised) of 2008 which has brought some new insights on the topic. Some details on how this right is construed and applied in the framework of adoption in some foreign countries, namely England, Spain, France, Italy and Germany, are also presented. The author further considers the most recent legislation on adoption, approved in 2015, and that has recently entered into force in Portugal. This set of legislation now entitles the adoptee, after reaching adulthood and, in some circumstances foreseen by the law, still as a minor, a full right of access to information allowing him to know his biological origins. Remarkable in this framework is the fact that the Portuguese law now provides the possibility of the court, although under specific and very restrict circumstances, to allow contacts between the adoptee and the members of his biological family, namely on what his brothers and sisters is concerned, thus identical to what under the English law is known as the institute of open adoption. Finally, the paper also includes remarks on the 2006’ Portuguese law on medically assisted procreation and the conditions under which the person generated under such technics may access identity and biological data concerning the donor.
This paper intends to provide a general of overview on how the subject of a right to know his biological origins in the framework of adoption is being dealt with under the Portuguese law, with reference to its most relevant doctrine and jurisprudence. The author argues the case of a right of the adoptee to know his biological origins as protected by Constitutional Law, mainly grounded in the contents of the right to an individual identity enshrined by article 26, § 1, of the Portuguese Constitution. The paper investigates both its contents and consequences, namely on what concerns the shape and limits of a right towards the establishment of legal links of motherhood and fatherhood according to the biological truth, while applying to the latest and most relevant jurisprudence of the Portuguese Constitutional Court. It also analyses the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, which recognizes an individual right to know his biological origins in the framework of the right to a private life, as foreseen by article 8, § 1, of the European Convention on Human Rights, and provides a full overview of the relevant international conventional law applying to the subject including the, (still not binding to Portugal), European Convention on the Adoption of Children (revised) of 2008 which has brought some new insights on the topic. Some details on how this right is construed and applied in the framework of adoption in some foreign countries, namely England, Spain, France, Italy and Germany, are also presented. The author further considers the most recent legislation on adoption, approved in 2015, and that has recently entered into force in Portugal. This set of legislation now entitles the adoptee, after reaching adulthood and, in some circumstances foreseen by the law, still as a minor, a full right of access to information allowing him to know his biological origins. Remarkable in this framework is the fact that the Portuguese law now provides the possibility of the court, although under specific and very restrict circumstances, to allow contacts between the adoptee and the members of his biological family, namely on what his brothers and sisters is concerned, thus identical to what under the English law is known as the institute of open adoption. Finally, the paper also includes remarks on the 2006’ Portuguese law on medically assisted procreation and the conditions under which the person generated under such technics may access identity and biological data concerning the donor.
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Palavras-chave
Direito da família Adoção Identidade pessoal Vida privada Filiação Teses de mestrado - 2017