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Os mecanismos de controlo administrativo nos regimes de utilidade pública
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O presente estudo pretende abordar os regimes de utilidade pública, em especial, o exercício da função administrativa por entidades particulares bem como o controlo da Administração Pública sobre este exercício.
As Instituições Particulares de Interesse Público assumem-se como uma categoria especial de pessoas coletivas de natureza privada, mas que desempenham um papel fundamental na satisfação das necessidades coletivas da comunidade jurídica. Em alguns casos, são estas entidades particulares que suprimem as lacunas das atividades da Administração Pública e, deste modo, assumem a responsabilidade pública pelo bem-estar e proteção de pessoas humanas e bens.
Os regimes de utilidade pública são regimes herdeiros da dogmática jurídica da anterior ordem constitucional, com um tratamento doutrinário e jurisprudencial muito desenvolvido. Aspetos estes que têm notória relevância neste estudo, não obstante, restringindo-se aos contributos nacionais sobre a matéria em estudo.
As entidades particulares com reconhecida utilidade pública advêm de um fenómeno jurídico, denominado de “publicização da sociedade civil”. Assim, constatamos a existência de um sistema jurídico global, caraterizado por esquemas de interligação e interpenetração de pessoas coletivas e de tarefas de natureza privada e pública.
Regra geral, as atividades provenientes de entidades são de interesse público, verificando-se uma graduação desse interesse, distinguindo-se entre formas qualificadas e não-qualificadas. Esta realidade decorre do facto do interesse público não ser monopólio do Estado e as pessoas coletivas privadas, com base na sua autonomia privada, poderem prosseguir fins de natureza altruísta e de interesse público. Neste sentido, consideramos que estas entidades particulares, em determinadas circunstâncias, exerçam funções administrativas.
Existindo exercício de funções administrativas por estas entidades particulares de utilidade pública, afigura-se necessária a concretização de limites legais à sua atividade, nomeadamente, através da figura da tutela administrativa.
Os regimes de utilidade pública preveem poderes do Estado sobre estas entidades particulares, nomeadamente de caráter inspetivo, sancionatório e integrativo. Como poderemos constatar, estes encontram-se graduados em função do interesse público prosseguido por cada uma das pessoas coletivas, objeto do estudo.
Por fim, intentamos num balanço acerca dos regimes jurídicos, que nos permitirá constatar a inequalidade destas soluções, face à realidade atual e da autonomia privada das entidades particulares.
The present study intends to address the statutes of the public utility, especially, the exercise of the administrative function by particular entities as the control of the Public Administrations about this exercise. The Particular Institutions of Public Interest are a special category of collective people of private nature, yet they perform a crucial role about the fulfillment of the collective needs of the legal community. In some cases, these particular entities suppress gaps from activities of the Public Administration and assume public responsibility for the welfare and protections of human persons and goods. The statutes of the public utility result from the previous constitutional system with a doctrinal and jurisprudential treatment quite developed. These points have fairly relevance, nevertheless of being restricted to the national contributions on the issue in the present study. The particular entities with recognized public utility comes from a legal phenomenon called “Publicizing of civil society”. So we can verify the existence of a global legal system characterized by interconnection schemes and interpenetration of collective people and private and public tasks. Generally, activities from entities are public interest where we can distinguish between qualified and unqualified forms. This reality derives from the fact that the public interest isn’t a State monopoly and private collective people, based on their private autonomy, can proceed purposes of altruistic nature and public interest. We believe that these particular entities under certain circumstances, can exercise administrative functions. Existing the exercise of administrative functions by these particular entities of public utility, it is necessary to achieve legal bounds in respect to their activity, through the institute of the administrative tutorage. The statutes of the Public Administration predict powers of the State about these private entities, including supervising, sanctionary and integrative nature. As we can see, we can find them graduated on the public interest, preceded by which one of the collective people, object of the study. Finally, we’ll make a reflection about legal statutes, which will allow us to observe the inequity of these solutions, given the current reality and the private autonomy of private entities.
The present study intends to address the statutes of the public utility, especially, the exercise of the administrative function by particular entities as the control of the Public Administrations about this exercise. The Particular Institutions of Public Interest are a special category of collective people of private nature, yet they perform a crucial role about the fulfillment of the collective needs of the legal community. In some cases, these particular entities suppress gaps from activities of the Public Administration and assume public responsibility for the welfare and protections of human persons and goods. The statutes of the public utility result from the previous constitutional system with a doctrinal and jurisprudential treatment quite developed. These points have fairly relevance, nevertheless of being restricted to the national contributions on the issue in the present study. The particular entities with recognized public utility comes from a legal phenomenon called “Publicizing of civil society”. So we can verify the existence of a global legal system characterized by interconnection schemes and interpenetration of collective people and private and public tasks. Generally, activities from entities are public interest where we can distinguish between qualified and unqualified forms. This reality derives from the fact that the public interest isn’t a State monopoly and private collective people, based on their private autonomy, can proceed purposes of altruistic nature and public interest. We believe that these particular entities under certain circumstances, can exercise administrative functions. Existing the exercise of administrative functions by these particular entities of public utility, it is necessary to achieve legal bounds in respect to their activity, through the institute of the administrative tutorage. The statutes of the Public Administration predict powers of the State about these private entities, including supervising, sanctionary and integrative nature. As we can see, we can find them graduated on the public interest, preceded by which one of the collective people, object of the study. Finally, we’ll make a reflection about legal statutes, which will allow us to observe the inequity of these solutions, given the current reality and the private autonomy of private entities.
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Direito administrativo Tutela administrativa Utilidade pública Entidade privada Função administrativa Interesse público Solidariedade social Teses de mestrado - 2017