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A responsabilidade civil pré-contratual da administração pública : a boa fé e a indemnização devida
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A presente dissertação toma como ponto de partida a consagração da responsabilidade por violação da boa fé, enquadrando-a no âmbito das negociações prévias à celebração de um contrato, conceitos com relevo ímpar no Direito. Começamos, portanto, por explicar a origem dos conceitos, a sua aplicação no direito português e os deveres daí decorrentes. Depois das obrigatórias considerações prévias face à responsabilidade pré-contratual civil, analisamos o fenómeno no direito civil do ordenamento português, que definimos de acordo com as várias posições de doutos autores. Passamos, de seguida, para a enunciação da matéria da actividade contratual da Administração pública e das demais entidades públicas, no sentido de prosseguir eficazmente o interesse público. Esta explicação tem em vista esclarecer o mundo pré-contratual no âmbito dos contratos públicos, como um mundo onde uma panóplia de eventos lesivos para os particulares concorrentes pode ter lugar. Estas prévias enunciações levam à conciliação dos conceitos da responsabilidade civil pré-contratual, com particular relevo para a aplicação do princípio da boa fé enquanto conformador da actividade dos contratantes entre si, com os conceitos inerentes à contratação pública. Tudo isto poderá levar, à percepção de que a Administração Pública, nos espaços deixados pela legalidade conformadora do procedimento pré-contratual, possa actuar contrariamente aos ditames da boa fé e causa, na esfera jurídica dos particulares com quem enceta relações pré-negociais, danos a indemnizar. Esta situação conduz a consequências de ordem prática, na medida em que cabe uma reflexão sobre qual a actuação dos tribunais perante tais situações, nomeadamente na existência e medida da indemnização a ressarcir ao particular.
Partindo de uma reflexão alongada, compreendemos que faltam no ordenamento jurídico português respostas cabais para estes problemas, na medida em que o legislador atendeu a não incluir na lei um regime específico e instrumentos que tratem destes problemas com proficuidade. Entendemos, portanto, que urge no direito público levar à construção de um regime uno, completo e eficaz que tenha em conta os danos que surjam para os particulares no âmbito do procedimento pré-contratual público.
This dissertation has as a starting point the consecration of the responsibility for breach of good faith, placing it in the scope of the negotiations prior to the conclusion of a contract, concepts with unique relevance in the Law. Therefore, we begin by explaining the origin of the concepts, their application in Portuguese law and the duties arising therefrom. After the obligatory previous considerations regarding civil pre-contractual responsibility, we analyze the phenomenon in the civil law of the Portuguese framework, which we define according to the various positions of learned authors. We then turn to the enunciation of the regime of the contractual activity of the Public Administration and other public entities, in order to effectively pursue the public interest. This explanation aims to clarify the pre-contractual world in the field of public procurement, as a world where panoply of damaging events for private competitors can take place. These preliminary statements lead to a reconciliation of the concepts of pre-contractual civil liability, with particular emphasis on the application of the principle of good faith as a guide for the conduct of contractors between themselves, with the concepts inherent in the public procurement. All of this may lead to the perception that the Public Administration, in the spaces left by the principle of legality establishing the rules of the pre-contractual procedure, may act contrary to the dictates of good faith and cause damages in the legal sphere of individuals with whom contacts while negotiating. This situation conducts to practical consequences, which manifests the need for a reflection on the action of the courts in such situations, namely the existence and extent of compensation to individuals. Starting from an extended reflection, we understand that Portuguese legal systems lack adequate answers to these problems, since the legislator seems to had agreed not to include in the law a specific regime and instruments that deal with these problems with proficiency. We therefore consider that it is urgent in public law to start with the construction of a complete and effective system which takes into account the damages to individuals in the context of the public pre-contractual procedure.
This dissertation has as a starting point the consecration of the responsibility for breach of good faith, placing it in the scope of the negotiations prior to the conclusion of a contract, concepts with unique relevance in the Law. Therefore, we begin by explaining the origin of the concepts, their application in Portuguese law and the duties arising therefrom. After the obligatory previous considerations regarding civil pre-contractual responsibility, we analyze the phenomenon in the civil law of the Portuguese framework, which we define according to the various positions of learned authors. We then turn to the enunciation of the regime of the contractual activity of the Public Administration and other public entities, in order to effectively pursue the public interest. This explanation aims to clarify the pre-contractual world in the field of public procurement, as a world where panoply of damaging events for private competitors can take place. These preliminary statements lead to a reconciliation of the concepts of pre-contractual civil liability, with particular emphasis on the application of the principle of good faith as a guide for the conduct of contractors between themselves, with the concepts inherent in the public procurement. All of this may lead to the perception that the Public Administration, in the spaces left by the principle of legality establishing the rules of the pre-contractual procedure, may act contrary to the dictates of good faith and cause damages in the legal sphere of individuals with whom contacts while negotiating. This situation conducts to practical consequences, which manifests the need for a reflection on the action of the courts in such situations, namely the existence and extent of compensation to individuals. Starting from an extended reflection, we understand that Portuguese legal systems lack adequate answers to these problems, since the legislator seems to had agreed not to include in the law a specific regime and instruments that deal with these problems with proficiency. We therefore consider that it is urgent in public law to start with the construction of a complete and effective system which takes into account the damages to individuals in the context of the public pre-contractual procedure.
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Direito administrativo Administração pública Contratação pública Responsabilidade civil do Estado Boa-fé Teses de mestrado - 2018