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al-Dalfa’ and the Political Role of the umm al-walad in the Late Umayyad Caliphate of al-Andalus
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IN EARLY ELEVENTHǧ CENTURY al- Andalus, al- Dalfa’, one of
the concubines of the hajib 1 and de facto ruler Ibn Abi ‘Amir,
known as al- Mansur, was involved in the events that led to
the civil war— ϔitna — that preceded the downfall of the
Umayyad Caliphate in Iberia. As a slave, al- Dalfa’ had borne
her master a child, ‘Abd al- Malik, granting her the status of
umm al- walad — literally, the “mother of a child”— which
legally improved her condition from the common form of
concubinage. In 1002 al- Mansur died and ‘Abd al- Malik, who
would be later known as al- Muzaffar, followed his father’s
footsteps in the hijaba , whereas Caliph Hisham II was left
with a merely symbolic role as ϐigurehead of the caliphate.
During ‘Abd al- Malik’s rule al- Dalfa’ inϐluenced some of his
decisions, and after his death, in controversial circumstances,
she plotted to overthrow and kill ‘Abd al- Rahman Sanchuelo,
al- Muzaffar’s half- brother, who had taken ‘Abd al- Malik’s position, as Sanchuelo was suspected of having orchestrated ‘Abd
al- Malik’s death.
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al-Andalus 11th century Gender Queenship Medieval Iberia Fitna