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The influence of the summer sea breeze on thermal comfort in Funchal (Madeira): a contribution to tourism and urban planning
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Tourism plays a crucial role for the development of coastal areas. Despite the mildness of Madeira’s climate,
very hot days can occur during summer, a situation to which most tourists from northern Europe (the majority
of foreign tourists) are poorly adapted. As sea breezes strongly contribute to moderate heat stress in urban
environments, their influence on the thermal comfort on the island has been studied. Sea breezes occurred
on 84 % of the days during the period under study (May to October 2006). They usually start around
09:30 h and end after 22:00 h, with an average duration of about 12:50 hours and a mean velocity of 2.9 m/s.
Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) was used to evaluate the thermal comfort of a sample of days
during the summer of 2006. It was concluded that most of the sites in the city are “slightly comfortable”
during normal days with sea breeze, but only shore sites and the highest green areas offer some comfort
during hot days. Inside the city, the thermal perception is generally “hot” and strong heat stress can occur. As
sea breezes are important to mitigate heat stress, some basic guidelines were presented: urban planners should
take advantage of this wind system avoiding dense construction near the shoreline that would act as a barrier
to the renewal of the air inside the city. In terms of tourism, planners and local authorities should provide
solutions to mitigate the negative effects during hot periods, creating a system to warn and relocate more
vulnerable tourists to places near the shore line, to the mountains, to gardens and air-conditioned buildings.
In combination with other components (beauty of the island, gastronomy, cultural values and safety), climate
information can be a factor of attractiveness to tourists.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Summer sea breeze Thermal comfort Tourism Urban planning Funchal Ilha da Madeira
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Lopes, A., Lopes, S., Matzarakis, A., & Alcoforado, M. J. (2011). The influence of the summer sea breeze on thermal comfort in Funchal (Madeira): a contribution to tourism and urban planning. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 20(5), 553-564.