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Contributos da gestão e planeamento da mobilidade urbana para a construção de cidades saudáveis
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A mobilidade urbana tem sido alvo de constante debate pela sua crescente complexificação e pelas suas implicações no território e no quotidiano das famílias, associando-se a fenómenos de dispersão urbana e dependência automóvel. Os Planos de Mobilidade Urbana ou similares têm sido considerados como um dos principais instrumentos de gestão e planeamento da mobilidade urbana, ancorados no conceito e objetivo político do Desenvolvimento Sustentável, tal como verificado no Pacote da Mobilidade Urbana e, em Portugal, no Pacote da Mobilidade. Por sua vez, o conceito de “Cidade Saudável” começa a destacar-se no contexto da intervenção autárquica de cariz inovador, operacionalizado através dos Projetos Cidades Saudáveis, sendo a “mobilidade urbana” uma das áreas de intervenção. Esta dissertação pretende refletir sobre os contributos da gestão e planeamento da mobilidade urbana para a construção de Cidades Saudáveis, tendo a Área Metropolitana de Lisboa como área de estudo. O presente trabalho é composto por nove capítulos e conclusão, estruturados em três partes. A primeira parte enquadra o tema e principais conceitos, focando ainda as especificações de alguns modos de transporte urbano, a abordagem ao transporte e mobilidade sustentáveis, culminando com a síntese das principais causas e consequências da sua insustentabilidade (capítulo 1). Segue-se o entendimento do papel do transporte no desenvolvimento urbano numa perspetiva histórica, olhando a modelos regionais e urbanos, e mais recentemente, a movimentos urbanos sustentáveis (capítulo 2). Por fim, discute-se o conceito de “Cidade Saudável”, dos seus modelos às práticas e a importância do transporte e mobilidade neste contexto (capítulo 3). A segunda parte aborda orientações e instrumentos de política para o transporte e mobilidade ao nível europeu e nacional, e ainda dois casos internacionais reconhecidos como bons exemplos (Bordéus e Uberlândia) (capítulo 4), bem como orientações e instrumentos para a “Cidade Saudável”, ao nível europeu e nacional, considerando ainda exemplos de intervenção na AML (capítulo 5). Por fim, a terceira e última parte centra-se na AML como área de estudo. Um breve enquadramento das principais tendências, redes e dinâmicas de transporte é apresentado inicialmente (capítulo 6). Segue-se uma análise ao planeamento e gestão da mobilidade na AML, nomeadamente a um conjunto de documentos do tema, reforçado por entrevistas aos agentes que permitiram compreender as visões e intervenções das autarquias em estudo (capítulo 7). Os comportamentos e perceções dos residentes na AML, obtidos através de inquérito, foram também considerados neste estudo (capítulo 8). Todo o enquadramento anterior suporta a proposta de um quadro de indicadores no âmbito da monitorização e avaliação que represente a relação entre a mobilidade urbana e “Cidade Saudável”, através de uma abordagem municipal comparativa e diacrónica, bem como uma abordagem às especificidades das comunidades (capítulo 9). O trabalho culmina com as principais conclusões.
Urban mobility has been subject of constant debate due to its implications in the territory and in the daily life of families, linked to phenomena of urban dispersion and automobile dependency that promote even more complex mobility patterns. Urban Mobility Plans have often been considered as one of the main tools for managing and planning urban mobility, anchored in the concept and political objective of Sustainable Development, as verified in the European Urban Mobility Package (CE, 2013) and in the Mobility Package (IMTT, 2011) in Portugal. On the other hand, the concept of “Healthy City” begins to stand out in local government innovating actions through Healthy Cities Projects, where urban mobility is one of the areas of intervention. This dissertation intends to reflect on the contributions of the management and planning of urban mobility to develop Healthy Cities, with the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA) as case study. This work is composed by nine chapters and conclusion, structured in three parts. The first part frames the main concepts of the studied theme, highlighting urban transport modes, followed by the perspective of sustainable transport and urban mobility and respetive causes and consequences of their unsustainability (chapter 1). The understanding of the role of transport in urban development through the historical perspective is presented, notably through the reference to regional and urban models, and more recently, through the role of sustainable urban movements (chapter 2). Finally, it is discussed the concept of “Healthy City”, in all scopes, from models to practices, and the importance of transport and mobility in this context (chapter 3). The second part presents a political approach of the main guidelines and policy instruments for transport and mobility at European and national levels, taking into account to international good examples (Bordeaux and Uberlândia) (chapter 4), as well as the main guidelines and instruments for Healthy Cities at European and national levels, reinforced by some examples of intervention in LMA (chapter 5). Finally, the third part focuses LMA as study area. A brief overview of the main trends, networks and transport dynamics is presented (chapter 6). This is followed by an analysis of the transport and mobility planning and management in LMA through the study of mobility management and planning, recurring to an analysis of a set of mobility instruments, reinforced by local government`s interviews that allowed a better understanding of the municipal vision and interventions of the case studies (chapter 7). LMA resident`s behaviors and perceptions were gathered through survey (chapter 8). Previous results supported the proposal of a monitoring and evaluation framework of indicators that represents the relation between urban mobility and healthy cities through, in one hand, a comparative and diachronic municipal approach, and in other hand, an approach to the specificities of the communities (chapter 9). The work culminates with the main conclusions.
Urban mobility has been subject of constant debate due to its implications in the territory and in the daily life of families, linked to phenomena of urban dispersion and automobile dependency that promote even more complex mobility patterns. Urban Mobility Plans have often been considered as one of the main tools for managing and planning urban mobility, anchored in the concept and political objective of Sustainable Development, as verified in the European Urban Mobility Package (CE, 2013) and in the Mobility Package (IMTT, 2011) in Portugal. On the other hand, the concept of “Healthy City” begins to stand out in local government innovating actions through Healthy Cities Projects, where urban mobility is one of the areas of intervention. This dissertation intends to reflect on the contributions of the management and planning of urban mobility to develop Healthy Cities, with the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA) as case study. This work is composed by nine chapters and conclusion, structured in three parts. The first part frames the main concepts of the studied theme, highlighting urban transport modes, followed by the perspective of sustainable transport and urban mobility and respetive causes and consequences of their unsustainability (chapter 1). The understanding of the role of transport in urban development through the historical perspective is presented, notably through the reference to regional and urban models, and more recently, through the role of sustainable urban movements (chapter 2). Finally, it is discussed the concept of “Healthy City”, in all scopes, from models to practices, and the importance of transport and mobility in this context (chapter 3). The second part presents a political approach of the main guidelines and policy instruments for transport and mobility at European and national levels, taking into account to international good examples (Bordeaux and Uberlândia) (chapter 4), as well as the main guidelines and instruments for Healthy Cities at European and national levels, reinforced by some examples of intervention in LMA (chapter 5). Finally, the third part focuses LMA as study area. A brief overview of the main trends, networks and transport dynamics is presented (chapter 6). This is followed by an analysis of the transport and mobility planning and management in LMA through the study of mobility management and planning, recurring to an analysis of a set of mobility instruments, reinforced by local government`s interviews that allowed a better understanding of the municipal vision and interventions of the case studies (chapter 7). LMA resident`s behaviors and perceptions were gathered through survey (chapter 8). Previous results supported the proposal of a monitoring and evaluation framework of indicators that represents the relation between urban mobility and healthy cities through, in one hand, a comparative and diachronic municipal approach, and in other hand, an approach to the specificities of the communities (chapter 9). The work culminates with the main conclusions.
Descrição
Tese de doutoramento, Geografia (Planeamento Regional e Urbano), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território, 2019
Palavras-chave
Teses de doutoramento - 2019