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A ressonância magnética funcional e os meios de prova no processo penal : reflexões à luz dos processos brasileiro e português
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As pesquisas realizadas pelas Neurociências sobre o cérebro humano com o uso da tecnologia da ressonância magnética funcional (fMRI) impulsionaram, no campo do Direito Penal e Processual Penal, debates sobre a efetiva existência da liberdade e, por consequência, sobre a possibilidade de se fazer prova da inimputabilidade por meio de imagens do cérebro. A utilização de scanners do cérebro, a despeito de críticas, pode adentrar o processo sob diferentes meios de prova, encontrando, porém, alguns obstáculos formais. Em paralelo, a permissividade do uso requer o reforço das garantias que protegem o acusado no curso do processo. Ainda, enseja uma reflexão sobre o contraditório material e a paridade de armas em face do desequilíbrio causado pelo uso do conhecimento científico, bem como reflexões sobre a prova da inimputabilidade em si, a dúvida sobre esta, e aspectos de política criminal.
The research carried out by Neurosciences about the human brain with the use of magnetic functional resonance imaging (fMRI) has stimulated in Criminal Law a debate on the existence of free will, and consequently on the possibility to prove insanity with images of the brain. The use of brain scanners, despite of critics in scientific community, can be used in the brazilian and in the portuguese criminal procedures under many different types of evidence, but it finds, however, some formal obstacles. In parallel, the permissiveness of its use requires the reinforcement of many guarantees that protect the defendant during the criminal prosecution. Moreover, it motivates a reflection on the right of adversarial system and the principle of equality of arms, in front of the imbalance caused by the use of scientific knowledge, and a reflection on the proof of the insanity, the doubt about it and, for last, aspects of criminal policies.
The research carried out by Neurosciences about the human brain with the use of magnetic functional resonance imaging (fMRI) has stimulated in Criminal Law a debate on the existence of free will, and consequently on the possibility to prove insanity with images of the brain. The use of brain scanners, despite of critics in scientific community, can be used in the brazilian and in the portuguese criminal procedures under many different types of evidence, but it finds, however, some formal obstacles. In parallel, the permissiveness of its use requires the reinforcement of many guarantees that protect the defendant during the criminal prosecution. Moreover, it motivates a reflection on the right of adversarial system and the principle of equality of arms, in front of the imbalance caused by the use of scientific knowledge, and a reflection on the proof of the insanity, the doubt about it and, for last, aspects of criminal policies.
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Processo penal Meio de prova Neurociências Transtornos da personalidade Liberdade Ressonância magnética funcional Neuroimagem Imputabilidade Culpabilidade Teses de mestrado - 2018