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Dialogo de tradições e a formação dos precedentes judiciais qualificados na Civil Law
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Trata-se da elaboração de uma tese nascida do estudo dos precedentes judiciais incorporados na tradição civil law, com a intenção de determinar a obrigatoriedade judicial de suas razões. Inicia-se pela análise das tradições jurídicas ocidentais e respectivo diálogo entre as mesmas, decorrente do fenômeno da globalização e aproximação entre as nações, cultura e história tão divergentes. Alguns instrumentos favorecem esta aproximação e proporcionam um diálogo profícuo, porém demandante de adaptações, revisões e recriações de institutos jurídicos. Na esteira dos Assentos judiciais portugueses, comparou-se a tentativa brasileira atual de criação de instrumentos uniformizadores dos julgados decorrentes de filosofia sulamericana do neoconstitucionalismo. Este fenômeno sócio-jurídico, por autorizar não só a interpretação construtiva do direito, mas também estimular a criação de julgados com força de lei, provoca instabilidade no sistema jurídico brasileiro, como já ocorrido no passado lusitano quando da adoção dos Assentos. Referida insegurança jurídica, paradoxalmente nasce da tentativa de uniformização dos julgamentos que terminam por conferir incontroláveis poderes aos Tribunais. A promulgação do novo código de processo civil brasileiro em 2015, instituindo de forma parcial e inadequada a Teoria dos Precedentes Judiciais Vinculantes criou o ambiente ideal para a análise do diálogo das tradições da civil law e common law. O modo que as cortes são compostas e, em especial, como a colegialidade trabalha para julgar um case sem precedente e com a possibilidade de vincular outros julgados, sob pena de nulidade da decisão posterior em desobediência à decisão paradigma, da mesma forma, foi analisado. Instrumentos como o controle da constitucionalidade das decisões judiciais e normas legislativas; o uso abusivo de cláusula geral, de conteúdo indeterminado e inconsistente forma de revisão e atualização dos precedentes judiciais com pretensão vinculativa geral e abstrata, ganham importante espaço no presente estudo. Portanto, propõe-se a qualificação e consequente especialização dos chamados precedentes judiciais obrigatórios para alcançar a pretendida uniformização e previsão do sistema judicial decisório, de modo a colaborar para com o trato da crise de identidade referida e, ainda, a atuação eficaz e pacificadora da jurisdição estatal.
It concerns to the formulation of a thesis that was born of judicial precedents studies incorporated by the civil law tradition, trying to determinate the judicial obligation of their reasons. It begins by analysis of western law traditions and their respective dialogue between them, due to the globalization phenomenon and the approach among nations, culture and history so divergent. Some instruments encourage this approximation and provide a profitable dialogue, however demanding adaptation, reviews, and re-creations of law institutes. Regarding to Portuguese judicial assentos, was compared the current Brazilian attempt of making uniformity tools for decisions as result of the South American neoconstitucionalism philosophy. This social and legal phenomenon, which authorizes not just the constructive interpretation of law, but also encourage the creation of judgments with power of legislation, lead to instability of the Brazilian Legal System, as already have happened in the Lusitanian past when was adopted the assentos. This juridical insecurity paradoxically was born by the attempt of judgment standardization, which entails by give uncontrollable power to the Court. The enactment of the new Brazilian civil procedure code in 2015, instituting partially and inadequate the theory of binding judicial precedents created the ideal environment for the analysis of the dialogue of civil law and common law traditions. The way the courts are composed and, in particular, how plurality of judges work to decide an unprecedented case and with the possibility of linking others decisions, under penalty of nullity the subsequent decision in disobedience to the paradigm decision, in the same way, was analyzed. Instruments such as the control of the constitutionality of judicial decisions and legislative norms; abuse of general clause, of undetermined content and inconsistent way of reviewing and updating judicial precedents with general and abstract binding intent, gain important space in the present study. Therefore, it is proposed the qualification and consequent specialization of the so-called mandatory judicial precedents to achieve the desired standardization and prediction of the judicial decision-making system, in order to collaborate with the treatment of the referred crisis of identity and, also, the effective and pacifier action of the state jurisdiction.
It concerns to the formulation of a thesis that was born of judicial precedents studies incorporated by the civil law tradition, trying to determinate the judicial obligation of their reasons. It begins by analysis of western law traditions and their respective dialogue between them, due to the globalization phenomenon and the approach among nations, culture and history so divergent. Some instruments encourage this approximation and provide a profitable dialogue, however demanding adaptation, reviews, and re-creations of law institutes. Regarding to Portuguese judicial assentos, was compared the current Brazilian attempt of making uniformity tools for decisions as result of the South American neoconstitucionalism philosophy. This social and legal phenomenon, which authorizes not just the constructive interpretation of law, but also encourage the creation of judgments with power of legislation, lead to instability of the Brazilian Legal System, as already have happened in the Lusitanian past when was adopted the assentos. This juridical insecurity paradoxically was born by the attempt of judgment standardization, which entails by give uncontrollable power to the Court. The enactment of the new Brazilian civil procedure code in 2015, instituting partially and inadequate the theory of binding judicial precedents created the ideal environment for the analysis of the dialogue of civil law and common law traditions. The way the courts are composed and, in particular, how plurality of judges work to decide an unprecedented case and with the possibility of linking others decisions, under penalty of nullity the subsequent decision in disobedience to the paradigm decision, in the same way, was analyzed. Instruments such as the control of the constitutionality of judicial decisions and legislative norms; abuse of general clause, of undetermined content and inconsistent way of reviewing and updating judicial precedents with general and abstract binding intent, gain important space in the present study. Therefore, it is proposed the qualification and consequent specialization of the so-called mandatory judicial precedents to achieve the desired standardization and prediction of the judicial decision-making system, in order to collaborate with the treatment of the referred crisis of identity and, also, the effective and pacifier action of the state jurisdiction.
Descrição
Tese de doutoramento, Ciências Jurídico-Políticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Direito, 2018
Palavras-chave
Teses de doutoramento - 2018